Parcours Biologie international 1re et 2e année

Il s'agit d'une UE d'initiation à la démarche expérimentale dans le domaine de la chimie et de la biochimie. Elle est centrée sur des séances de travaux pratiques durant lesquelles les étudiants seront amenés à réaliser des expériences suite à un travail de préparation en séances de TD. Il s'agira en particulier de préparer des solutions chimiques, de réaliser des dosages par spectrophotométrie et des titrages acido-basiques. Tout au long du semestre, les étudiants seront sensibilisés à la bonne tenue d'un cahier de laboratoire.

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  Enseignement Transversal au Choix (ETC)

  Formation Bureautique et Internet (FBI)

1. Enseignement Transversal au Choix (ETC)

Diffusion des savoirs

Réflexion à propos des sciences et histoire des sciences

Développement et engagement personnel

Connaissance du monde professionnel, entrepreneuriat, orientation et insertion professionnelle

Langues (dont Français Langue Étrangère non Erasmus)

Sport

2. Formation Bureautique et Internet (FBI)

Développer et perfectionner vos compétences numériques

Vous préparer à affronter les défis élémentaires d'un monde de plus en plus digital

Travailler les cinq domaines de compétences numériques (selon le référentiel européen DIGCOMP) en s'appuyant sur la plate-forme française Pix (https://pix.fr/) :

- Informations et données

- Communication et collaboration

- Création de contenu

- Protection et sécurité

- Environnement numérique

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The different topics covered in the lectures concern nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. In each case their structures, properties and in vivo assemblies will be presented to the students, all in relation to their different biological roles.

During the tutorial sessions, students will work on different exercises allowing them to detail and deepen the notions discussed in class. In addition, a significant part of the tutorials will be devoted to important reminders on concentration calculations and spectrophotometry.

During the practical sessions, students are introduced to laboratory materials and techniques by carrying out two electrophoresis, one of nucleic acids and the other of proteins.

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Modern chemistry is a physical science and, as such, is ultimately based upon basic mathematical and physical principles. This first semester concentrates on the basic physical chemistry of electrons in atoms, molecular bonding and structure, and crystal structure. First, the basic notions of quantum mechanics and structure of the atom is introduced with emphasis on the energies and shapes of the atomic orbitals. This is used to build up the periodic table and to understand trends in the physical and chemical properties of elements. Then, it concentrates on the structure and bonding of diatomic and polyatomic molecules beginning with Lewis dot structures and the valence-shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model for predicting geometries. The quantum mechanical description of bonding is explored via molecular orbital theory. Then this is followed by valence-bond (i.e., hybridization theory) for describing bonding in polyatomic molecules. Finally intermolecular forces are discussed with the aim of understanding trends in boiling points, melting points, and solubilities.

In parallel, the crystal structure part of the course treats the key mathematics needed to understand metallic and ionic crystals. For reasons of simplicity, only cubic lattices and the hexagonal closest packed (HCP) lattices are considered.

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This is a reminder of the concepts taught in secondary school to ensure that students have the mathematical tools they need to continue their training in life sciences. The teaching will focus on practical and computational aspNumber of credits rather than theoretical ones. It will cover the notions of logic, fractions, powers, percentages, usual functions, vectors and matrices as well as systems of linear equations. These notions will be very useful for the mathematics course offered in the second semester, which introduces mathematical biology and the study of population dynamics, but also for all the other courses (biology, chemistry, physics, statistics, computer science, etc.) of the Licence.

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In the first part of the semester, the concepts of electricity (electric force, electric field, electric energy and electric potential) are introduced with emphasis on the historical and practical reasons for these concepts. They are applied to problems related to chemistry and biology in order to illustrate how and when to use these concepts. For example, electrical energy will be used to determine the conformations of molecules, whereas forces will be more appropriate for the study of motion.

The second part of the semester is dedicated to the study of the movements of charges under the effect of an electric field. The objective here is to understand electrophoresis in detail. The diffusion phenomena at work in this experiment are also described.

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This is an introductory course in Earth Sciences. The notions taught concern the Earth in the solar system, water on the surface of the planet Earth, the climate system and earthquakes. The notions taught in class will be reinforced during the TD sessions including analysis of experimental results, analysis of documents and the use of numerical simulation tools.

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This is an introduction to the digital tools used in Life Sciences. Students will be introduced to computer vocabulary and the formulation of algorithms to solve problems in biology. This learning will be implemented during practical work sessions on computers.

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This is a course that provides the basics of cell biology. They concern in particular the structure of eukaryotic cells (animal or vegetable) or prokaryotic cells and the associated methods of observation, the mode of division of these cells, the principal stages of the biosynthetic pathways of the organic molecules and their sub-cellular localization, as well as the basic principles of cellular metabolism.

The students work on exercises that allow them to detail and deepen the notions covered in class, in particular through the analysis of experimental results and the creation of synthesis diagrams. Throughout the semester, interaction between students is favoured by working in groups and/or in front of the class.

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This course covers the basics of the biology of animal and plant organisms, as well as the main principles of the evolution of these organisms. The topics covered include the functional organisation and reproduction of higher plants (angiosperms), the major organisational plans of the animal kingdom, the general principles and mechanisms of biological evolution and environmental adaptations as a source of biodiversity.

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The aim of the course is to become familiar with some basic tools for the modeller and the informed user of mathematical models in the life sciences, limited to simple deterministic models of population dynamics and their applications.

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This module aims to introduce the use of light as a means of investigating matter, based on useful applications in biology, chemistry and earth sciences. The aim is to apply fundamental principles to predict the behaviour of a system and to acquire the basic notions necessary to understand essential phenomena in many scientific fields. The topics covered include geometric optics and optical phenomena, optical and image acquisition instruments and their limitations, and polarisation.

The theoretical notions taught in the form of lectures and tutorials will be further developed during practical work sessions carried out in pairs. 

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This course focuses on the molecule and the first notions of reactivity. It deals with hybridisation and representations of molecules by detailing the different classes of isomers, but also mesomerism and the electronic effNumber of credits of groups. A part of the course will also be devoted to coordination complexes, including their stereochemistry, crystal field theory and ligand exchange. Finally, after a quick presentation of the main chemical functions and nomenclature rules, a last chapter will be dedicated to intermolecular interactions and reactivity in chemistry with more precisely the study of substitution and elimination reactions.

The tutorial sessions will be mainly devoted to application exercises in order to use and apply the notions seen in lectures. One practical session will consist of manipulating molecular models.

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This is a mainly experimental course which allows the mobilisation and implementation of knowledge acquired in biochemistry (BIO101) and cell biology (BIO201). It is organised in the form of six alternating sessions of preparatory lectures and six sessions of practical work. The topics covered are related to the biochemistry of proteins (purification, analysis of quaternary structures, dialysis) and nucleic acids (identification of mutations, restriction map) as well as to cell biology (osmosis, concept of isolated cells and tissues, cell division).

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This is an experimental course in the Biology of animal and plant organisms, the objective of which is the acquisition, through direct observation, of the knowledge on the functional organisation of animal and plant organisms provided in the BIO202 course. It also aims to train students in the techniques of dissection, histological sections and staining and microscopic observation. It consists of the study of the way of life and the functioning of 4 animals belonging to different phyla as well as histological and anatomical studies of organs of higher plants.

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This course aims at the acquisition of a good knowledge of the functioning of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, which deals with all the major cellular functions (replication, transcription, translation, cytoskeleton, cell cycle, cell-environment interaction) and the experimental methods which allow their analysis.

The work of acquiring this knowledge in the TD session is carried out by interactive pedagogical methods (preparatory work, island work, oral presentation) in the form of actions that the students must carry out throughout the semester: oral retransmission of knowledge, application exercise, elaboration of MCQs, analysis of scientific figures, elaboration of a pedagogical creativity project.

In practical work, the student will have a first introduction to the experimental approaches of differential centrifugation, cell culture and luminescent immunolabelling.

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This is an introductory course to the concepts of genetics in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as in population genetics. In particular, it deals with the different mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria and their use for genetic mapping. It also discusses the different types of Mendelian and non-Mendelian hybridism in eukaryotic organisms and describes examples in human genetics. Finally, it introduces the basic concepts of population genetics (Hardy-Weinberg principle, breeding regime and evolutionary forces). The acquisition of this knowledge will be worked on in practical exercises and the practical sessions will enable students to familiarise themselves with the basic techniques of bacterial genetics (transformation, selection, restriction map).

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This course deals with the kinetics and thermodynamics of chemical reactions in relation to biology. It deals in particular with reaction rates, enthalpies, entropy, thermodynamic cycles and goes into greater detail on the notions of acid/base. The concepts covered in the course are applied in the practical sessions via exercises and in the practical sessions through calorimetry and conductimetry experiments. 

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This course aims at acquiring the basics of descriptive and inferential statistics. It will deal in particular with methods of point estimation, estimation by confidence interval, and hypothesis testing in a parametric framework. The teaching in the form of lectures/tutorial is completed by practical work sessions on computer aimed at familiarising students with the handling of the R software for statistics.

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L'objectif de l'UE est de présenter les différents types d'interactions (symbiose, commensalisme, parasitisme) entre les bactéries et les organismes eucaryotes, animaux, protistes ou végétaux, ainsi que les moyens de visualiser l’évolution de ces interactions. Les thèmes développés seront les interactions entre bactéries et avec leur environnement, le microbiote intestinal humain (caractérisation, fonction), les bactéries pathogènes du tube digestif, la symbiose bactérie/plantes et les bactéries pathogènes chez les insectes.

Les séances de TD sont consacrées à l'analyse de données expérimentales en lien avec les thèmes abordés en cours.

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Cette UE vise à faire découvrir les particularités du règne végétal, ses potentialités en termes de synthèse de molécules (chimie verte), de génétique (sélection agronomique et modification génétique) et de production énergétique (valorisation de la biomasse).

Les cours (CM et TD) consistent à introduire ces notions et les techniques associées. Ils serviront de bases à un travail des étudiants sur des exemples d'applications récentes de valorisation des ressources végétales qu'ils présenteront oralement lors des séances TD/TP.

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Cette UE concerne les 2 modes de communication dans l'organisme des Mammifères que sont la communication nerveuse et la communication hormonale. Elle vise à faire comprendre la nécessité des régulations physiologiques pour maintenir l’homéostasie de l’organisme, à acquérir les notions de boucle de régulation et d'intégration de signaux de communication. Elle décrit en particulier le rôle de ces processus dans la thermorégulation.

Les notions dispensées en cours sont approfondies en TD sous forme d'exercices d'application ainsi que par l'analyse et la modélisation de données expérimentales.

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This course aims at acquiring the basics of enzymology (catalysis, Michaelis-Menten equation, catalysis mechanisms) and metabolism (glycolysis, Krebbs cycle, bacterial metabolism). The TD sessions consist of application exercises of the notions seen in class and the preparation of the TP sessions. The practical sessions concern the learning of the manipulation and characterization of enzymes (purification, spectroscopy). 

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This course covers both animal and plant physiology, integrating in both disciplines an experimental approach directly linked to the theoretical teaching. In animal physiology, it concerns the study of human physiological functions such as homeostasis, rest and action potential and muscular contraction.) The plant physiology part concerns the mineral and carbon nutrition of plants, as well as the development of Angiosperms and its regulation. The TD sessions consist of application exercises, analysis of experimental results and preparation of the TP sessions.

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Il s'agit d'une UE visant à la compréhension des concepts généraux et fondamentaux de l'écologie. Elle concerne en particulier les différents niveaux d'intégration en écologie (population, communauté, écosystème, biosphère), l'écologie des populations (dynamique des populations), des communautés (filtres historiques, biotiques et abiotiques et composition des communautés) et des écosystèmes (grands cycles biogéochimiques, écotoxicologie).

Les notions abordées sont approfondies en TD par des exercices d'applications et des analyses de résultats expérimentaux et en séance de TP dont une consiste en une sortie terrain.

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Overview of 12 different scientific topics in chemistry, biology or at the interface

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This course deals with the properties of water as a solvent in relation to biology. It deals in particular with the notion of pH and associated calculations, solubility and redox reactions. The notions seen in the course are deepened in TD by application exercises and in TP by potentiometric titration experiments.

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Dans cette UE, les étudiants travaillent en équipe de 5 à 7 sur 4 problématiques suivant un cycle méthodologique pour acquérir les outils de veille scientifique = « Challenge Méthodo » et trois cycles thematiques pour les utiliser = « Apprentissage Par Problème ». Chaque cycle comprend des conférences (4 à 6 « cours magistraux » selon les thèmes) et 5 séances de TD-tutorat dont les résultats sont présentés à l’écrit et à l’oral. Les 3 thèmes abordés constituant des ouvertures pouvant intéresser au-delà de l’UE, les cours-conférences ont été placés sur un créneau de milieu de journée afin de les rendre accessibles au personnel, enseignants et étudiants de la Licence Science et Technologie. Il s'agit d'une UE professionnalisante dans la mesure où les compétences développées et évaluées correspondent pour partie à celles attendues pour un responsable de veille scientifique et dans les métiers de la communication scientifique.

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The objective of this course is to introduce students to the conduct of an experimental project in biology on one of the three themes proposed, namely "Plants and light", "Control of diauxia by the lactose operon in Escherichia coli" or "Biochemical and functional characterization of a protein of interest". The students work in pairs with the help of two teachers during personalized tutorials allowing the construction of the project (framing of the problem, choice of experiments, selection of protocols, interpretation of results). They also benefit from self-training materials that introduce the methods of constructing an experimental plan and analyzing scientific data. The experimental projects are carried out in semi-autonomous conditions during a 5-day mini-internship in a laboratory. This is a professionalizing UE insofar as the skills developed and evaluated correspond in part to those expected for a project manager.

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