Target level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
120 credits
Duration
2 years
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique), Grenoble INP, Institut d'ingénierie et de management - UGA, Grenoble INP - Phelma (Physique, électronique et matériaux), UGA
Language(s) of instruction
English
Presentation
Program co-accredited by the Université Grenoble Alpes and the Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble
More information : https://master-nanosciences.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/
Nanosciences study phenomena and manipulation of matter on the atomic and molecular scale. Important properties of matter such as the electrical, optical and mechanical properties are determined by the way molecules and atoms assemble into larger structures on the nanoscale.
Nanotechnology is the application of this science in new nanomaterials and nanodevices for new components, systems and products. Nanotechnology therefore makes it possible to design tailor-made materials with all the desired properties.
These emerging scientific disciplines lie at the interface of physics, chemistry, materials science, microelectronics, biochemistry and biotechnology. The Grenoble master degree in nanosciences and nanotechnologies is an integrated two-year program with a solid research network and significant international scope, offering high-quality multidisciplinary education in nanosciences and nanotechnologies. It is part of an Erasmus Mundus Master, two thematic programs of the UGA. Double degree agreements exist with Tomsk Polytechnic Institute (Russia) and Tsukuba University (Japan).
All courses (except IMN) are taught in English and welcome a significant proportion of international students.
Objectives
The program for the master in Nanosciences and nanotechnologies provides students with the adapted background and skills needed to undertake a PhD in fundamental or applied sciences. It also prepares for senior positions in the nanotechnology industry.
International education
- Double degrees, joint degrees, Erasmus Mundus
- Education with formalized international partnerships
- Internationally-oriented programmes
International dimension
The master in Nanosciences and nanotechnologies is one of the international masters of UGA. At the beginning of 2010, he joined the european master Eramus-Mundus EMM Nano and, as such, has a joint degree with KU Leuven University. He operated a partnership with the NanoTech master from Delhi University. The international character of the master's degree has been reinforced year by year with the signing of double-degree agreements with foreign universities: Polytechnic University of Tomsk (TPU), Institute of Technology Karlsruhe (KIT). In 2015 the European Master "EMM NAno" was renewed in Erasmus Plus for the period 2016-2019.
Program
Select a program
Nanochemistry 1st and 2nd year
The course offers disciplinary training focused on development and characterization at the nanometric scale with a strong multidisciplinary dimension (physics, soft matter, biology). It relies on research units working in this field, in particular in relation to the Fondation Nanosciences de Grenoble.
It provides students with skills in the development, manipulation, characterization, understanding and exploitation of nano-systems, nano-materials, nano-structures and unique molecules, as well as knowledge of their application potentials. It makes students aware of the environmental and societal challenges of nanotechnologies.
The course is open to an international audience. All lessons are held in English during both years.
The program is structured as follows :
- A common program with Lab sessions on platforms dedicated to nanosciences
- Specific modules in nanochemistry
- Elective modules for more in-depth study and/or towards sister disciplines
- Two full-time internships in a research laboratory, 8 weeks during the 1st year and 5 months during the 2nd year. Part-time research activity may be undertaken during the teaching period.
This Master Course gives you the opportunity to apply to the UGA Graduate School and one of its 15 thematic programs. The Graduate School@UGA is a new training program through and for research which was launched in 2021 within the Université Grenoble Alpes, and which concerns all the schools and components of the UGA.
The objective of these thematic programs is to offer interested students an interdisciplinary training program and academic excellence combining university studies and laboratory internships. Each thematic program develops a specific line of research, allowing then to embark on a PhD, or to have a direct professional insertion.
The program regroups students registered in different mentions, master programs or engineer school tracks and working together in specific courses
Participation in the Graduate School@UGA is for two years (M1 and M2) and may open the possibility of obtaining an academic scholarship for two years for the best international students (non-French baccalaureate holders).
For more information : https://www.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/education/graduate-school/
UE Surfaces and interfaces
3 creditsUE Coordination and supramolecular chemistry
6 creditsUE From solution to solid
6 creditsUE Electrochemistry
3 creditsUE Optic and magnetic spectroscopies
3 creditsChoice: 1 among 2
UE Occupational integration
3 creditsUE French as a foreign language
3 credits
Choice: 1 to 2 among 6
UE Nanosciences I
3 creditsUE Nanosciences II
3 creditsUE Research Internship
6 creditsUE Molecular Photophysics
3 creditsUE Thin films
3 creditsUE Materials Science
3 creditsUE Surface functionalization and applications I
3 creditsChoice: 1 to 2 among 8
UE Molecular electronics and magnetism
3 creditsUE Polymers 2 chemistry and physico-chemistry
3 creditsUE Physical measurements at nanoscale by local probes
3 creditsUE Physics of 2D materials: from elaboration to properties
3 creditsUE Ray-Matter Interaction
3 creditsUE Research Intensive Track II
3 creditsUE Graduate School Soft Nano internship
6 credits1 or 2 UEs up to 6 ECTS in another program
UE Nano-safety
3 creditsUE Molecular nanomaterials
6 creditsUE Functional Nanoparticles
3 creditsUE Advanced Functional Nanomaterials
3 creditsChoice: 4 to 5 among 17
UE Research training
3 creditsUE Polymers for flexible electronics
3 creditsUE Nanocomposites
3 creditsUE Surface Functionalisation
3 creditsUE Characterization of bio-molecular interactions at surfaces
3 creditsUE Nanomaterials and energy
3 creditsUE Micro-nano fabrication techniques
3 creditsUE Bio-molecular interactions : methods and applications
3 creditsUE From nanofabrication in research laboratories to VLSI
3 creditsUE Advanced characterization for Nanostructures
3 creditsUE Large Scale Facilities for Soft Matter
3 creditsUE Advanced semiconductor devices
3 creditsUE Nano-pores and membranes technologies
3 creditsUE Elaboration of nanostructures / physics of 2D materials
3 creditsUE International School in Soft Nanoscience (ESONN)
6 creditsUE Current trends in nanosciences
3 credits1 UE (6ETCS) OU 2 UE (2 UE de 3 ECTS) in an other program of the Nanosciences speciality or in another speciality
6 credits
UE Master Thesis
30 credits
Nanophysics - Quantum physics 1st year
The Master Nanosciences Nanotechnologies is divided into three first-year tracks, corresponding to different disciplines within the field of nanosciences.
The M1 Nanophysics and Quantum Physics offers fundamental courses in condensed matter physics (quantum physics, solid state physics...) oriented towards the study of matter at the nanometer scale.
It gives access to the second-year programs :
- M2 Nanophysics
- M2 Quantum Information and Quantum Engineering
- M2 Engineering of Micro and Nanostructures (alternating education/work)
This course also enables students to acquire multidisciplinary skills thanks to a wide range of courses and practical works covering the entire disciplinary field of nanosciences.
This training is strongly supported by research units in Grenoble working in this field, thus offering students numerous internship opportunities.
This program is open to international students. All courses are given in English.
For more information, visit the page of the M1 Nanophysics and Quantum Physics on the website of the Master Nanosciences Nanotechnologies.
This M1 gives also access to the Graduate School program Quantum, supported by the QuantAlps research federation.
UE Quantum Physics I
3 creditsUE Solid State Physics I
3 creditsUE Optics
6 creditsUE Semiconductor physics
6 creditsUE Magnetism and nanosciences
3 creditsChoice: 2 among 7
Choice: 1 among 2
UE Occupational integration
3 creditsUE French as a foreign language
3 credits
UE Nanosciences I
3 creditsUE Solid state physics II
3 creditsUE Modelling and numerical simulations
3 creditsUE Physical measurements at nanoscale by local probes
3 creditsUE Research Internship
6 creditsChoice: 1 among 2
GS_Quantum_UE_Quantum Labworks
3 creditsUE Nanosciences II
3 credits
Choice: 3 among 9
UE Research Intensive Track II
3 creditsGS_Quantum_UE_Many-body quantum mechanics
3 creditsUE Physics of 2D materials: from elaboration to properties
3 creditsUE Molecular electronics and magnetism
3 creditsUE Molecular Photophysics
3 creditsUE Ray-Matter Interaction
3 creditsUE Materials Science
3 creditsUE Thin films
3 credits1 UE of 3 ECTS in other program
Soft matter and biophysics 1st year
The course offers disciplinary training focused on development and characterization at the nanometric scale with a strong multidisciplinary dimension (physics, soft matter, biology). It relies on research groups working in this field, in particular in relation to the Fondation Nanosciences de Grenoble. This first year training will ensure preparation for the M2 Soft -Nano or NanoBiosciences. It can also prepare students for the M2 NanoMedecine. It equips students with skills in the development, manipulation, characterization, understanding and exploitation of nano-systems, nano-materials, nano-structures and unique molecules, as well as knowledge of their application potentials. It makes students aware of the environmental and societal challenges of nanotechnologies. In addition, the mastery of modeling tools will be developed and reinforced for interested physicist students.
This track is opened to international students. All courses are given in english.
The curriculum contains:
- General courses corresponding to 12 ECTS, among which 3 include the study of a foreign language
- Core courses in nanosciences and nanotechnologies specific to soft matter and nanobioscience (27 ECTS) with a large focus on experimental teaching and projects on the cleanrooms and nanosciences facilities of the Grenoble area
- Elective courses (totalizing 15 ECTS) for further specialization in nanosciences or for breadth.
- Internships in research teams, 8 weeks
For more informations on this track
The main objective of this track is to provide students with strong scientific and technical knowledge in micro- and nano-fabrication, manipulation, measurement and instrumentation at the nano-scale. This include among other, the functionnalization of surfaces, the manipulation of single cells, the use of optical techniques for observation and manipulation of single bio-molecules, etc... The program provides students with strong basis in biology, allowing them to pursue ambitious projects at the interface between biology and nano-technologies.
his Master Course gives you the opportunity to apply to the thematic program "Futurprod" of the UGA Graduate School. The Graduate School@UGA is a new training program through and for research which was launched in 2021 within the Université Grenoble Alpes, and which concerns all the schools and components of the UGA.
The objective of these thematic programs is to offer interested students an interdisciplinary training program and academic excellence combining university studies and laboratory internships. Each thematic program develops a specific line of research, allowing then to embark on a PhD, or to have a direct professional insertion.
The program regroups students registered in different mentions, master programs or engineer school tracks and working together in specific courses
Participation in the Graduate School@UGA is for two years (M1 and M2) and may open the possibility of obtaining an academic scholarship for two years for the best international students (non-French baccalaureate holders).
UE Microscale mechanics and fluidics I : Mechanics
3 creditsUE Microscale mechanics and fluidics II: Fluidics
3 creditsUE Statistical physics I: Theory
3 creditsUE Surfaces and interfaces
3 creditsUE Statistical physics II : Computational aspects and introduction to AI
3 creditsChoice: 2 to 4 among 14
GS_Soft-Nano_UE_Research Methodologies
6 creditsUE Quantum Physics I
3 creditsUE Solid State Physics I
3 creditsUE Optics
6 creditsUE Physics of biological systems
3 creditsUE Optic and magnetic spectroscopies
3 creditsUE Polymers 1
6 creditsUE Electrochemistry
3 creditsUE Physics of granular media
3 creditsUE Image and signal processing
3 creditsUE Molecular biology
3 creditsUE Molecular biology TP
3 creditsUE Research Intensive Track I
3 credits1 or 2 UEs up to 6 ECTS in another program
Choice: 1 among 2
UE Occupational integration
3 creditsUE French as a foreign language
3 credits
UE Research Internship
6 creditsUE Nanosciences I
3 creditsUE Nanosciences II
3 creditsUE Ray-Matter Interaction
3 creditsUE Soft Matter I
3 creditsUE Soft Matter II : statistical physics aspects; polymers
3 creditsUE Physical measurements at nanoscale by local probes
3 creditsChoice: 1 to 2 among 10
UE Graduate School Soft Nano internship
6 creditsUE Research Intensive Track II
3 creditsUE Modelling and numerical simulations
3 creditsUE Cell biology
3 creditsUE Modelling in systems biology
3 creditsUE Experimental Protocol Design (in biology)
3 creditsUE Physiology & Bioenergetics
3 creditsUE Polymers 2 chemistry and physico-chemistry
3 creditsUE Surface functionalization and applications I
3 credits1 or 2 UEs up to 6 ECTS in another program
Micro and nanostructure engineering 2nd year
To view the presentation of the Micro and nanostructure engineering program in French click on the following link Parcours Ingénierie des micro et nano-structures
UE Micro-nano fabrication techniques
3 creditsUE Lab training
3 creditsUE Matériaux pour les nanostructures
3 creditsUE Physique et chimie de la micro-électronique
6 creditsUE Méthodes d'élaboration
6 creditsUE Nano-characterization 1
3 creditsUE Nano-charactérization 2
3 creditsUE Scientific softwares
3 credits
UE Master Thesis
30 creditsUE Professional integration
3 creditsUE English - master 2 - S10
3 credits
Nanophysics 2nd year
The Master 2 Nanophysics offers a solid training providing fundamental and applied courses in nanosciences, nano-physics and nano-instrumentation.
This Master 2 is open to international students, and give access to the Quantum Graduate School program if you have been registered to the 1st year of this program (https://quantalps.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/education/graduate-school-program-quantum/). All courses are given in English.
This international program aims to provide courses and training for elaboration, advanced characterization and deep studies of nanostructures physics like transport properties, optical and magnetic properties of nanostructures based on metal, dielectrics or semiconductors. This program is well suited to the needs of academic laboratories, offering many opportunities for internships or PhD programs. The multidisciplinary nature of the Nanophysics specialization will enable students to continue to deepen their knowledge by covering a wide range of research topics around nano-systems and their applications.
The program contains :
- General courses corresponding to 21 ECTS, 3 of which are devoted to the study of a foreign language
- A project program (6 ECTS) aiming to offer an expertise on modeling and simulation and an opening to research via seminars and research thematic days.
- A 4-5 months full time internship in research teams for the preparation of the master's thesis
This program is in the following of the first year Master Nanophysics-Quantum physics providing fundamentals courses in condensed matter physics (quantum physics I and II, solid-state physics I and II, statistical physics) supplemented by preparatory courses for more specialized second-year courses. The objective of this master program is to provide students with a strong background in general sciences, and a specialization in physics at nano-scale and nano-instrumentation.
This Master Course gives you the opportunity to apply to the UGA Graduate School and one of its 15 thematic programmes. The Graduate School@UGA is a new training programme through and for research which was launched in 2021 within the Université Grenoble Alpes, and which concerns all the schools and components of the UGA.
The objective of these thematic programs is to offer interested students an interdisciplinary training program and academic excellence combining university studies and laboratory internships. Each thematic program develops a specific line of research, allowing then to continue in thesis, or to have a direct professional insertion.
The program regroups students registered in different mentions, master programs or engineer school tracks and working together in specific courses
Participation in the Graduate School@UGA is for two years (M1 and M2) and may open the possibility of obtaining an academic scholarship for two years for the best international students (non-French baccalaureate holders).
For more information : https://www.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/education/graduate-school/
UE Elaboration of nanostructures / physics of 2D materials
3 creditsUE From nanofabrication in research laboratories to VLSI
3 creditsUE Nanophotonics & plasmonics
3 creditsUE Advanced semiconductor devices
3 creditsUE Thematic and interdisciplinary projects
6 creditsUE Advanced characterization for Nanostructures
3 creditsChoice: 1 among 2
UE Nanomagnetism, spintronics
3 creditsUE Nanomaterials and energy
3 credits
Choice: 4 to 5 among 5
GS_Quantum_UE_Quantum Optics
3 creditsGS_Quantum_UE_ Condensed Matter
3 creditsUE Introduction to Machine Learning and Deep Learning
3 creditsUE Active matter
3 creditsUE in another program
6 credits
UE Master Thesis
30 credits
Nanomedicine and structural biology 2nd year
This master is entirely taught in english. This track is devoted to the new technologies in medical imaging involving nano- or molecular markers, as well as the therapeutic use of nano-particules. Taught courses include general biology courses mainly directed at students joining the program in the second year. It also includes a number of courses dealing with the various methods of medical imaging from magnetic resonance to X-rays, image processing issues, nano- and molecular markers, and courses in structural biology.
This track aims to prepare students for the challenges and innovations that are emerging at the border medicine nanoscience, including exploiting nanotechnology and nanomaterials for medical imaging and therapeutics. It also aims to train students to research in structural biology, a strong pole in Grenoble environment with the presence of large instruments and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory EMBL.
The main aim of this program is to train managers with solid scientific and technical skills in the field of engineering and characterisation of micro- and nanostructures, as well as surfaces.
This track aims to prepare students for the challenges and innovations that are emerging at the border medicine nanoscience, including exploiting nanotechnology and nanomaterials for medical imaging and therapeutics. It also aims to train students to research in structural biology, a strong pole in Grenoble environment with the presence of large instruments and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory EMBL.
Nanobiotechnologies 2nd year
The course offers disciplinary training focused on development and characterization at the nanometric scale with a strong multidisciplinary dimension (physics, soft matter, biology). It relies on research units working in various fields, ranging from biology to physics.It equips students with skills in the development, manipulation, characterization, understanding and exploitation of nano-systems, nano-materials, nano-structures and unique molecules, as well as knowledge of their application potentials. It makes students aware of the environmental and societal challenges of nanotechnologies.
UE Surface Functionalisation
3 creditsUE Biosensors & high through-put analysis
3 creditsUE Bio-molecular interactions : methods and applications
3 creditsUE Micro-nano fabrication techniques
3 creditsChoice: 5 to 6 among 16
UE Nano-safety
3 creditsUE Research training
3 creditsUE Fundamentals of structural biology
3 creditsUE Optics for bio systems
3 creditsUE Metabolic and cardiovascular physiology
3 creditsUE Introduction to Neurosciences
3 creditsUE Cell signaling and cancer biology
3 creditsUE Biomaterials and Biocompatible Surface Engineering
3 creditsUE Molecular markers for medical Imaging and therapy
3 creditsUE Nano-pores and membranes technologies
3 creditsUE Introduction to Machine Learning and Deep Learning
3 creditsUE Active matter
3 creditsUE Physics of biological systems
3 creditsUE International School in Soft Nanoscience (ESONN)
6 creditsUE in another program
6 creditsUE Microfluidics
3 credits
UE Master thesis
30 credits
Quantum information and quantum engineering 2nd year
The emergence of quantum technologies already allows us to foresee the development of new simulation and optimization tools to address major global challenges. These technologies are a strategic global issue for universities, industries and startups, as they have the potential to revolutionize the design and implementation of computing, information, communication and sensing sciences and technologies. France has recently invested 1.8 billion euros in this field.
In view of Grenoble's internationally recognized position in Quantum Technologies, and in response to the needs of students and European and national programs, this Master's 2-year program, created in 2021, offers training that is perfectly suited to the new needs of research laboratories, industries, and startups working on cutting-edge subjects that are evolving very rapidly in the context of very strong international competition.
This 2nd year Master's program provides students with a high level of expertise in concepts at the interface between fundamental and experimental aspects of quantum physics, for the control of quantum objects and their applications to quantum technologies (Solid State Qubits, Quantum Optics, Quantum Algorithm, Practicals on the IBM-Q, Cryoelectronics and Microwaves, ...). This Master also reinforces the need for openness thanks to multidisciplinary teachings at the interface with mathematics and computer science. This training is in perfect adequacy with the current developments in Quantum Technologies, both at the level of the Grenoble eco-system, and at the national and international levels. This training allows students to finalize their training with numerous internship opportunities, and to pursue a thesis in fundamental or applied physics research laboratories, or in industrial companies and startups.
This program is aimed at national and international students with high potential and motivation, who have obtained a Master 1 or equivalent, and who wish to take up tomorrow's quantum challenges and develop their scientific ambitions and their research project. The students will be part of the Grenoble community, which is very active in the field of quantum technologies thanks to the QuantAlps research federation in Quantum Sciences and Technologies.
This training allows students to pursue the Quantum Thematic Program of the Graduate School , provided they have successfully completed the first year of this program, and also allows them to apply for the QuanTEdu Excellence Scholarships program, provided they do not already hold a grant based on academic criteria.
UE Open Quantum Systems
3 creditsGS_Quantum_UE_Quantum Optics
3 creditsGS_Quantum_UE_ Condensed Matter
3 creditsUE Solid State Qubits
3 creditsUE Nanomagnetism, spintronics
3 creditsUE Quantum Algorithm
3 creditsUE From nanofabrication in research laboratories to VLSI
3 creditsUE Microwaves and Cryoelectronics
3 creditsUE Thematic and interdisciplinary projects
6 credits
UE Master Thesis
30 credits
Soft Nano 2nd year
The M2 track Soft-Nano is focused on soft and complex micro-nano-systems whose self-organization capabilities, fluctuating dynamics, and sometimes active properties, lead to specific and surprising effects at the nanoscale, and have enormous potential for innovation in materials science and engineering. This track provides a broad expertise in fundamental physics, mechanics, chemistry, and surfaces science as well as experimental skills with top-equipment and cutting-edge techniques for the characterization of soft nanostructures, still emphasizing the importance of numerical and modelling tools. It prepares to a career in fundamental research or R&D departments of industries. The broad scientific scope is appreciated in a wide range of industrial domains.
The curriculum contains:
- General courses including nanosciences and nanotechnologies specific to soft matter corresponding to 15 ECTS, among which 3 include the study of a foreign language
- Elective courses (totalizing 18 ECTS) for further specialization or opening in nanosciences
- Internships in research teams, 4 to 6 months (27 ECTS)
For more informations on this track
This track is opened to international students. All courses are given in english.
UE Out-of-equilibrium Statistical physics
3 creditsUE Complex fluids
3 creditsUE Large Scale Facilities for Soft Matter
3 creditsUE Adhesion, friction, nanomechanics
3 creditsUE International School in Soft Nanoscience (ESONN)
6 creditsChoice: 1 among 2
Choice: 1 among 3
UE Research training
3 creditsUE Micro-nano fabrication techniques
3 creditsUE Advanced characterization for Nanostructures
3 credits
Choice: 4 among 7
UE Thematic school in soft condensed matter
3 creditsUE Nano-pores and membranes technologies
3 creditsUE Active matter
3 creditsUE Physics of biological systems
3 creditsUE Fundamentals of structural biology
3 creditsUE Nano-safety
3 credits1 UE (6ETCS) OU 2 UE (2 UE de 3 ECTS) in an other program of the Nanosciences speciality or in another speciality
6 credits
UE Master Thesis
30 credits
UE Surfaces and interfaces
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: As the size of systems decreases, surface effects become more important. The nano- scale is also the scale at which surface effects dominate over bulk effects. This course introduces the main notions to adress the specific properties and the organization of matter at surfaces from a physical, chemical and biological point of view.
Content:
- notions on molecular and surface interactions. The hydrophobic effect
- thermodynamics of surfaces ; surface tension
- capillarity, wetting, contact angle
- surfactants, micelles, self-assemblies and lyotropic phases
- Gibbs monolayers, Langmuir-Blodgett films
- introduction to biologic membranes
UE Coordination and supramolecular chemistry
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: These lectures will introduce you into the world of coodination chemistry both on a synthetic and a physico-chemical points of view.
Content:
I. General concepts in coordination chemistry
- Metal ions and ligands
- Nomenclature of complexes
- Geometry of complexes with different coordinence
- Isomerism in coordination compounds
II. Thermodynamic and kinetic approaches of complexes in solution
- Formation constants: definition and experimental determination
- Chelate effect, a central concept in coordination and supramolecular chemistry
- Applications to supramolecular recognition of cations
- Inertia and lability, essential kinetic notions for understanding complexes reactivity
- Synthesis of complex dedicated ligands: crown-ethers, Schiff bases, polypyridine, ...
III. Electronic structure of metal complexes
- Counting electrons in complexes: the Green's method
- 16/18 electrons rule
- Reactions implying metal complexes
- Application to homogeneous catalysis
- From crystal field to ligand field
- Construction of Molecular Orbitals diagrams of octahedral metal complexes
- Insight into spectroscopic series
IV. Optical properties of metal complexes
- Spectroscopic terms of metal complexes including lanthanide complexes
- Electronic spectroscopy of metal complexes
- Emission of light by metal complexes
V. Magnetic properties of monometallic complexes
- Origins of the magnetic properties of metal complexes
- Magnetic susceptibility
- From Van Vleck equation to Curie law
- Departures from Curie law
- Spin Cross-Over phenomenon: from definition to applications
Article Analysis
Every student will study and present an article dealing with an application strongly related to the contents of the lecture.
Practical teachings:
Four topics of the lectures will be illustrated during four hours experimental work sessions:
- Synthesis and study of the luminescent properties of lanthanide complexes
-
Biomimetic model of molybdic oxo-tranferase enzyme
-
Synthesis and properties of a iron(II) spin Cross-Over compound [1]
-
Syntheis and study of a mixed-valence compound
To anticipate the Lab work, the practical work is written by each student in a dedicated Labwork notebook [2].
[1] A. Vallée et al., J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, doi: 10.1021/ed4000487
[2] A. Eisenberg J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 1045.
UE From solution to solid
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Understanding methods for preparing solids, obtaining one phase from another.
Crystallography, characterisation of the crystalline state.
Aqueous chemistry of cations, hydrolysis, condensation.
Solid-state chemistry, preparation of powders, crystals, ceramics. Thermodynamics of solids. Thermodynamics of defects and non-stoichiometry. Corrosion.
UE Electrochemistry
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Objectives : Aquire some knowledges about electrochemisty methods as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) , Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to characterize electrochemical reactions in solution and immobilized on the surfaces of electrodes.
Examples taken from litterature illustrate the lectures for a better understanding to characterize, investigate electrochemical systems, to elucidate different electrochemical reactions.
Content :
- Lectures + tutorials :13.5 H
- Reminders (1H 30)
- Cyclic Voltammetry (6 H): -Experimental and theoretical basis of voltammetry
Characterization in solution of reversible redox systems, irreversible redox systems,
quasi-reversible redox systems, consecutive redox systems, coupled homogeneous
chemical reactions EC reaction, CE reaction, EC reaction (catalytic) , ECE reactions,′
Characterization of immobilized systems on electrode
- Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (6 H): -Measurement: principle, experimental conditions
Impedance of circuit elements in an electrochemical system, Impedance of electrochemical systems,
Modeling utilizing electric and dielectric parameters
- Lab works : 3 experimental work sessions (3 X 4 H) illustrate topics of lectures
UE Optic and magnetic spectroscopies
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
SpectrumThis course is organized in two parts, each made of nine sessions of 1.5 hours. In each part, five sessions are devoted to lectures, and four sessions are exercice classes devoted to problem-set solving.
The first part encompasses optical spectroscopies and focuses on the interaction of the electrical field component of light with matter. It deals with infrared and UV-visible spectroscopies, based on vibrational and electronic motions in the molecules. Some elements of group theory are presented to explain the occurence of the transitions and the aspect of the spectra related to the molecular structures.
The second part of the course focuses on the interaction of the magnetic field component of light with matter. This part aims at illustrating the principle of magnetic resonance spectroscopies, both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and their use for structure determination, for chemical kinetics and thermodynamics, as well as for molecular dynamics characterization in solution and in the solid state of organic and inorganic molecules and nanomaterials.
Assessments takes place as two written exams of 1 hour each for each part of the course.
UE Occupational integration
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Ce cours se concentrera sur la formation aux étudiants à l’élaboration de curriculum vitae et lettre de motivation, à la préparation aux entretiens d’embauche dans le monde industriel. Une large partie de cet enseignement sera aussi consacrée à la gestion de projets et à la notion d’innovation.
UE French as a foreign language
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
UE Polymers 1
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal : Acquire knowledge concerning the methods of macromolecular synthesis and the characteriza-tion of polymers (structure and average molecular mass). The lecture part is dealing on one hand with the chemistry of polymers, and on the other hand with the study of the physical chemistry of polymers. The discussion section part includes exercises on the following topics in particular: average molecular masses, polycondensation, free-radical polymerization processes and biopolymers. These exercises allow strengthening the knowledge on these topics.
Content:
I. Part "Chemistry of Polymers"
1. Introduction: definitions, brief history, economical aspects, terminology, technical/economical classification, general features of polymers, molecular structure (stereoregularity, tacticity), state domains.
2. Biopolymers
Introduction (conformational aspects).
Outline of the different families of biopolymers (nucleic acids, proteins and peptides, polysaccharides and other biopolymers).
3. Synthetic polymers.
Introduction ; classification of polymerization reactions.
Stepwise polymerization reactions:
General features.
Main reactions used in stepwise polymerization processes.
Kinetic aspects of stepwise polymerizations.
Chain polymerization reactions.
Reaction scheme. Initiation and propagation. Termination.
Kinetic aspects of chain polymerizations.
Polymerization processes. Controlled free-radical polymerization. Insertion polymerizations
4. Synthesis of thermosetting polymers and of elastomers
II. Part "Physical chemistry of Polymers" (11h Lectures – 7.5h Discussion sections):
1. Analysis of the physico-chemical properties in solution:
- Viscosimetry, osmometry
- Light Diffusion
- GPC, thermodynamics and chain dimensions
2. Gels: Polymer gels
UE Solid State Physics I
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: This solid-state physics class aims at providing the basics theories that allow to understand the properties of materials, and in particular their electronic and vibrational properties. Why are some solids metallic and other semiconducting ? How can we describe their electrical and thermal properties ? Applications to low-dimensional systems (including graphene and nanotubes) will serve as a bridge to nanosciences.
Content: Presentation of simple models and calculations of solids properties:
- Free electrons : classical Drude model.
- Quantum model: Sommerfeld model.
- Metals and insulators : nearly-free quantum model, tight-binding model, Bloch therorem.
- Vibrations in solids: acoustic and optical phonons, sound velocity.
Prerequisites: Electromagnetism, waves and vibrations, basic quantum mechanics.
Bibliography:
Introduction to solid state physics, 8th edition, Charles Kittel.
Solid state physics, Neil Ashcroft and David Mermin.
UE Microscale mechanics and fluidics I : Mechanics
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: Mechanics plays a forefront role at the nanoscale, from the generation of nano-structures by growth instabilities to the properties of nano-composite materials, the design of micro and nano-mechanical devices, the nano-imaging techniques, the control of biologic functions. This course introduces the mechanics of continuous media and its main applications to nanosciences and nano-technologies.
Content:
- Simple deformations, definition of elastic modulii E, G, K, nu
- Flexion of beams, static, dynamics and waves. Example: the AFM cantilever.
- 3D linear elasticity of isotropic media: strain tensor ; elasticity as a field theory (expression of the free energy) ; stress tensor ; general equilibrium equation
- elastic instabilities in thin films
- elasticity of membranes, ADN coil.
UE Research Intensive Track I
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
The Research Intensive Training is a trademark of the Master N2. It is specifically dedicated to intensify the formation through research, allowing students to the be continuously immersed in their laboratories in parallel to their courses, during the 2 years of the program.
For this purpose, students can choose up to 3 optional RIT modules of 3 credits each, one in each semester of the program, except for the last semester which is already fully devoted to the master thesis.
A RIT module consists in a part-time internship in a lab of the Grenoble area, representing 1 day each week during a semester. RIT modules are thought to be performed in the same research teams on the same research project, allowing students to achieve a substantial research contribution with possibly a publication during their master. However students can also change lab, project or research team, with the agreement of their program coordinator, in order to get a broader scientific experience. Students can then discover ongoing research in nanosciences not only in their specialization but also in sister disciplines. It also offers them an opportunity to initiate connections in view of finding their master thesis subject.
RIT modules are evaluated through a short report followed by an oral examination, in which students expose their research objectives, implementation, and results, and answer to the questions of the jury. RIT performed in the second semester of the first year can be evaluated together with the compulsory M1 research internship.
Admission to Research Intensive Training modules requires the agreement of the school-year coordinator. In M1, the training is fully appropriate to students having completed a 4-years bachelor of science, or engineering, however 3-year's bachelors who have excellent academic results can also be admitted to the RIT.
GS_Soft-Nano_UE_Research Methodologies
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
This course is open and mandatory only for students taking part to the Thematic Program (PT) Soft Nano (Graduate School).
Students undertake a research project in soft nanosciences, starting by an appropriation phase. The goal of the course is to learn how to plan, set-up, and write, a research proposal.
Content
Students spend 1+1/2 day per week in their research team. In addition the group meets on a weekly basis, and works on the following topics:
- reading and synthetizing the scientific literature
- understanding the novelty of the approach to be developed
- defining the research objectives
- defining the new tools /techniques/ know-how needed for the project, starting to acquire them
- elaborating a tentative schedule for implementation of the 2-year research work, with milestones
Students take turns in presenting their progress to the promotion.
In addition to this continous activity, they are evaluated at the end of the term through:
- the submission of a research proposal (about 15 pages, including a state-of-the-art, novelty and objectives of approach, new instrumentation/ elaboration/ numerics/ methodology to be developed, expected outcomes, scheme and schedule of implementation)
- an oral public presentation and defense of their proposal, in presence of all the promotion and of a unique pluridisciplinary jury for all students.
1 or 2 UEs up to 6 ECTS in another program
Level
Baccalaureate +4
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
UE Nanosciences I
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
- To address multidisciplinary approaches in nanosciences through a set of practical work.
- To train on high-tech platforms in nanosciences and in nanotechnology.
- To understand chemical methods of nanomaterials synthesis by a bottom-up approach.
- To learn the physical principles and practice of nanomaterials characterization techniques
UE Nanosciences II
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
The Nanosciences course offers high level experimental training and labwork performed in the nano-facilities and technology centers of UGA: CIME-Nanotech, CUBE, Chemistry platform.
Nanosciences Labwork
This course addresses the pluridisciplinar aspect of nanosciences and in nanotechnologies. The goal is to train students at the interface between the different sciences: chemistry and physics (Part I), physics and biology (Part II), and show the importance of a collaborative approach to the production and the characterization of nanoscale objects. Courses are in support for understand the great principles of the bottom-up approach in nanochemistry, the physical principle of different methods of characterization in nanosciences (AFM, SEM, TEM) and the elementary principles in biophysics. The pedagogical team is composed of teachers working in the field of nanochemistry, nanophysics and biophysics. The different practical work taking place on various practical teachings platforms located in Grenoble allowing the use of characterizations equipment at the forefront of nanoscience research.
This course is devoted to the Morphological and the Mechanical studies of biological cells fixed on a micro-functionalized pattern, by Atomic Force and Fluorescence Microscopies techniques. It consists of 14h of lectures addressing biochemical and physical concepts at the nanoscale, and 12h of labwork taking place at the CUBE and CIME-Nanotech.
- To address multidisciplinary approaches in nanosciences through a set of practical work.
- To train on high-tech platforms in nanosciences and in nanotechnology.
- To understand chemical methods of nanomaterials synthesis by a bottom-up approach.
- To learn the biophysical principles of the interface between nanomaterials and animal cells.
UE Research Internship
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
The internship is a key step of the M1 since in many cases it is the first long stay in a Research lab to develop an original scientific topics. The internship lasts a minimum of 8 weeks between April to June, on a subject related to nanosciences or nanotechnologies.
The internship can be a performed in a research institute of the Grenoble area or abroad, or in a company.
Students conduct a research project under the guidance of their supervisor. The internship can be extended during the summer up a to length of 4 months.
At the end of June students have to produce a report of about 20 pages including the bibliography. The report introduces their subject, the state of the art, and their objectives. It describes the methods they have used, their realizations, and discusses the results obtained during the internship. The reports concludes by giving perspectives of the performed work.
The students have then an oral defense based on a presentation of 15mn followed by 10mn of questions.
UE Molecular Photophysics
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BASIC PHOTOPHYSICAL PROCESSES
2.1. Creating excited states by light absorption
2.2. Properties of excited states
2.2.1. Geometry
2.2.2. Acid-base properties
2.2.3. Redox properties
2.2.4. Dipolar moment
2.3. Deactivation of the excited electronic states
2.3.1. Non-radiative transitions
2.3.2. Radiative transitions
2.3.3. Parameters
2.3.4. Experimental measurement
3. QUENCHING OF EXCITED STATES
3.1. Kinetics of Stern-Volmer
3.2. Energy transfer reaction (electronic)
3.2.1. Radiative energy transfer
3.2.2. Non-radiative energy transfer by resonance
3.2.3. Non-radiative energy transfer by exchange
3.3. Electron transfer reactions
2.3.1. Energy aspect
3.3.2. Kinetic aspect
3.3.3. Application of electron transfer to conversion and storage of solar energy
3.4. Excimers and exciplexes
3.5. Time-resolved spectroscopy method
4. PHOTONICS OF SOLIDS AND NANOPARTICLES
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Exciton formation
4.3. Applications of photonics of solids
5. PHOTOCHEMICAL AND PHOTOCHROMIC REACTIONS
5.1. Photochemical reactions
5.1.1. The biradical reactions
5.1.2. Pericyclic reactions
5.2. Photochromic reactions
UE Thin films
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
The study of thin-film materials is the basis of several research projects and sectors of activity. Indeed, the thin film state covers activities ranging from optics for the development of waveguides or anti-reflection layers, to microelectronics for the production of semiconductor layers or for the production of energy in fuel cell devices. This course will present an overview of the thin film states and its specificities trough 3 chapters:
• What could we call a thin film? What implies this specific state?
• Brief presentation of the physical techniques (PVD, PLD, evaporation…) and more specific description of the chemical routes (ALD, CVD and Sol-Gel chemistry)
• General tools of morphology characterization will be presented first. Special care will be given to the specific tools for structural determination (Grazing incidence XRD, texture measurments and Transmission Electron Microscopy).
UE Materials Science
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
This lecture aims to present the main classes of material and their physical properties via two complementary approaches. One is based on the bondings between atoms and how these bonds influence the elastic, thermal, and electrical conductivity properties of materials, whereas the second one is related to the Fermi surface analysis. Microscopical models of physical phenomena like permittivity, piezoelectricity, or ferromagnetism will be described and how the material properties change at the surface.
Contents
Chapter 0 : Introduction - Functional materials
Chapter 1: The various types of bonds and the classes of materials
Chapter 2: Relationship between bonds and simple properties of materials
(thermal, mechanical, electrical properties)
Chapter 3: Quantum models of materials (Sommerfeld and band theory)
Chapter 4: Dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and magnetic properties
and their measurements.
Chapter 5: Surface properties
UE Surface functionalization and applications I
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
The applications of surface functionalization are multiple and cover large fields at the interface between chemistry and biology. The aim of this course is to focus on two challenging applications: surface functionalization for biosensors and for (electro)catalysis. The course is structured into two modules differentiated by the nature of the functionalized material which (mineral/inorganic or biological).
Contents:
I. Short introduction on biomolecules (DNA, proteins, enzymes, sugars…)
II. Functionalization of mineral and inorganic based-materials and related characterization techniques (fluorescence microscopy, AFM, SEM, ellipsometry…)
DNA, sugars and proteins
- Physisorption, chemisorption
- Self-assembly on conducting and semi-conducting surfaces (silanization, thiol self assembly)
- Electrofunctionnalization: conducting polymers, diazonium salts
- Auto-organization of biomolecules : origami, DNA wires, protein auto-assembly, protein organized around organizing structure (Metals…)
- Applications: biosensors, stimulating electrodes and anti-fouling surfaces
Catalysts
- Functionnalization
- Applications: (photo)electrocatalytic water splitting (reduction of protons, water oxidation), CO2 reduction
Enzymes
- Functionnalization
- Applications: hydrogenases, CO2 reductase …
III. Functionnalization of bio-based nanomaterials
DNA
- Functionnalization with catalysts
- Applications
Proteins
- Functionnalization (bioconjugation) with catalysts (artificial enzymes) and nanoparticles
- Applications
UE Molecular electronics and magnetism
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
This course is an introductory course on molecular electronics and magnetism accessible for both chemists and physicists. Accordingly, it will be given by a physicist and a chemist to browse the two aspects of the subject. It will present in an illustrated and accessible fashion the principles of quantum electron transport in molecular and nanoscale devices and offer an overview of this active field of Nanosciences. It will insist on the effect of inserting magnetically active molecules in such set-ups.
Contents :
- Physical/Chemical basis (distinct lecture for the two publics to bring them to a common language)
- Mesoscopic transport
- Magnetic anisotropy in Transion Metal and Lanthanide complexes
- One-electron transistor
- Transport through a quantum box
- Single Molecule Magnets (SMM)
- Grafting and probing SMM on surfaces
- Article analysis
UE Polymers 2 chemistry and physico-chemistry
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
This course gives an overview of the polymer field from the synthesis of polymers to characterization, properties, and applications of synthetic and natural polymers. All major polymerization methods, their reaction mechanisms and kinetic aspects are considered: step growth polymerization, chain growth polymerization with ionic and radical variations, insertion polymerization. A lecture portion is integrated with a laboratory component, in which experiments are conducted that are directly connected to the class work. Analysis of polymer solution properties and caracterization techniques are presented : thermodynamics, polymer/solvent interactions, average molecular weight determination via osmometry, ligth scattering, viscosimetry and SEC.
This course is divided in two parts covering selected aspects of polymer chemistry and physical chemistry. The chemistry part aims to help students better understand contemporary polymer science focusing on syntheses and materials properties of polymers. It covers copolymer synthesis, discussing control of copolymer composition and relevant recent research such as controlled radical polymerization, supramolecular polymers and bio-based polymers. The course will also provide detailed information for polymerization techniques and polymer characterization tools.
UE Physical measurements at nanoscale by local probes
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
Goal: Introduction to local probes techniques in the field of nanosciences and nanotechnologies.
Content
1. Introduction to Scanning Probes Microscopy (1h30)
- Comparison between surface analysis techniques: SEM/TEM, SFA
- Presentation of the SPM sub-families: STM / SFM / SNOM via examples of applications
2. The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (7h)
- The tunneling effect
- STM relevant parameters
- Expression of the tunneling current
- The STM instrument
- Tip fabrication methods
- Electronic and instrumental chain to measure and control tunnelling current in the pico/nano-ampere range ADC/DAC, I/V converter, lock-in amplifier
- Source of noises and detection limit
- Vibration isolation (tutorial on transfer function and damping)
- Measurement at low temperature : how to operate an STM in a cryostat>
- Operating STM modes and associated measurements
- Local density of states (LDOS) and I/V spectroscopy
- Constant current mode versus constant height mode
3. The Atomic Force Microscope (12h)
- Why mechanical oscillators
- Introduction and history
- Mechanical susceptibility
- Limits of sensitivity (readout noise and Brownian motion)
- Working at resonance, decrease the size/mass
- How to build an AFM
- Micro fabrication of cantilever and tips
- Nano positioning (piezo material and issues with them as hysteresis…)
- Precision position measurements (optical and capacitive)
- Signal analysis (Homodyne detection, PLL and PID)
- Operating AFMs
- Calibration process (cantilever stiffness, position detection)
- What physical values are accessible (van der Waals, electrical, magnetic, friction forces)
- Different modes of operation
- Maps analysis and image processing
- Surface analysis parameters: rms, ra, skewness, kurtosis, etc
- Artefacts, tip dilation effect
- Tilt correction via polynomial subtraction and color scale
- Tutorial on processing of the images and spectroscopy curves obtained in PW via Gwyddion software
UE Physics of 2D materials: from elaboration to properties
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
In the context of intensive research on post-CMOS electronics, a new families of nano-materials has opened new avenues in different fields, including optoelectronics and quantum information. These low-dimensional systems are a new playground to understand the interactions between elementary excitations, electron-phonon and phonon-phonon, which play a major role in the behavior of electron transport and heat at this nanoscale. For example, the reduction of dimensionality in the case of graphene has made the adiabatic approximation obsolete. Thus, the electron-phonon coupling is so strong that the optical phonons can be modulated by an external electric field but also as has been recently shown by an optical grid.
The important advances in the control of graphene electronic properties, open the way to new two-dimensional materials. Thus, monolayers of Dichalcogenides of Transition Metals such as MoS2 (MoSe2, WS2, WSe2, …etc.) have appeared very recently as promising nanostructures for applications in both the field of optics and electronics. We will discuss the growth of such materials including the fabrication of heterostructures based on graphene (semi-metal), boron nitride (insulator) and MoS2 (semiconductor) and their physical properties. Indeed marrying different 2D systems can take advantage of the properties of each part and more since the resulting hybrid is more than the sum of its parts.
This lecture will give an overview of the physical properties of graphene on the one hand, new 2D semiconductors like MoS2 on the other hand and will open on the heterostructures. We will discuss their growth, band structure, phonons, electron-phonon coupling, excitons in MoS2, the spin / valley polarization but also the prototype components (transistor, photodiode, LED ...) based on this new class of materials.
UE Ray-Matter Interaction
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
Goal: This course will give a general view on the topic of photon or wave interactions with matter at various energy scales and length scales.
Content
In the first part, we will focus on the problem of the propagation of an electromagnetic wave when the wavelength is large (UV, optical, etc.) compared to the interatomic distances. The problem of polarization of the medium in metals and in semiconductors (Drude, Lorentz, interband, etc.) will be discussed and surface plasmons which are longitudinal excitations at the SC-metal interface will be treated. Finally, we will discuss how we can localize light on length scales smaller than the wavelength (e.g. nanoparticles). This part will be completed by a section on the Kramers-Kronig relations that link reflectance to absorption. The second part of the course will focus on phenomena where the incident wavelength is much smaller, such that matter can be resolved to atomic scales. The problem of structure factors and their interpretation in terms of correlation functions (neutrons, X, etc.) will be discussed.
References
- Zangwill, Modern Electrodynamics, Cambridge University Press.
- D. Tanner, Optical Effects in Solids, Cambridge University Press.
- P. Chaikin and T. Lubensky, Principles of Condensed Matter Physics, Cambridge University Press.
UE Research Intensive Track II
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
The Research Intensive Training is a trademark of the Master N2. It is specifically dedicated to intensify the formation through research, allowing students to the be continuously immersed in their laboratories in parallel to their courses, during the 2 years of the program.
For this purpose, students can choose up to 3 optional RIT modules of 3 credits each, one in each semester of the program, except for the last semester which is already fully devoted to the master thesis.
A RIT module consists in a part-time internship in a lab of the Grenoble area, representing 1 day each week during a semester. RIT modules are thought to be performed in the same research teams on the same research project, allowing students to achieve a substantial research contribution with possibly a publication during their master. However students can also change lab, project or research team, with the agreement of their program coordinator, in order to get a broader scientific experience. Students can then discover ongoing research in nanosciences not only in their specialization but also in sister disciplines. It also offers them an opportunity to initiate connections in view of finding their master thesis subject.
RIT modules are evaluated through a short report followed by an oral examination, in which students expose their research objectives, implementation, and results, and answer to the questions of the jury. RIT performed in the second semester of the first year can be evaluated together with the compulsory M1 research internship.
Admission to Research Intensive Training modules requires the agreement of the school-year coordinator. In M1, the training is fully appropriate to students having completed a 4-years bachelor of science, or engineering, however 3-year's bachelors who have excellent academic results can also be admitted to the RIT.
UE Graduate School Soft Nano internship
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
Mandatory course for the students of the Soft Nano Thematic program (PT) of the Graduate School.
1 or 2 UEs up to 6 ECTS in another program
Level
Baccalaureate +4
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
UE Nano-safety
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Nanotechnologies give access to new and interesting properties of materials. Applications or potential applications of nanomaterials are today very numerous in research, industrial processes but also everyday life. As a consequence, impact on health and safety of those new substances becomes important. Indeed, assessment on life cycle analysis is a key element of development. This course presents the current knowledge and research regarding the potential risks associated to the development of nanotechnologies, organized around 3 axes:
- Toxicology and ecotoxicology current knowledge, thanks to presentation of latest scientific studies on the subject,
- occupationnal potential risks : how to manage an emerging risk ? what’s mandatory ? what kind of metrology can we use ? what are the best practices in order to prevent impact on health and environment ?
- social perception of nanotechnologies over the world and over different cultures.
UE Molecular nanomaterials
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
The lecturers will browse the different aspects of the synthesis of bulk molecular materials and bottom-up strategies towards the corresponding molecular nanoobjects. This approach is based on the use of well-defined precursors and a good control of the conditions in which they react together in order to master the topology/dimensionality, size/nuclearity, shape and dispersity of the bulk materials and nanoobjects. A special attention will be paid to their characterization using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and to their magnetic and electrochemical properties.
UE Functional Nanoparticles
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
The applications of nanoparticles in research and innovation are multiple and cover large fields. The aim of this course is to present the main areas of application of nanoparticles in current research. In addition, the specific properties of selected types of particles will be discussed as well as surface functionalization strategies required for realizing the presented applications. The course is structured into three modules differentiated by the types of application.
UE Advanced Functional Nanomaterials
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal:
To demonstrate the novelty and advances in the field of nanostructured materials and architectured coatings for dedicated functions. Their properties and applications especially in the domain of materials for energy and sustainability will be illustrated.
The different aspects of the bottom-up strategy towards nano-objects will be discussed for the fabrication of nanostructured powders and coatings. Processes using a vapor phase such as Chemical Vapor deposition and Atomic Layer Deposition will be presented in details: principles, applications, technological aspects and modelling. Special attention is focused on multimaterials stability through thermodynamics considerations.
UE Research training
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
The Second year Research Training can take two different forms:
- 10 half-days spent in identified labs on recurrent subjects proposed by the coordinator of the teaching unit ;
- a part-time internship in a lab of the Grenoble area, representing more or less 1 day each week during a semester. In can be on the same subject as the M1 internships and/or of the future M2 internships, allowing a continuous immersion in a laboratory on a given for the whole duration of the master program. Students joining the program in M2 can also follow this program but they must readily find a welcoming lab by themselves prior to their arrival in Grenoble or at the very beginning of the academic year.
In both cases, the module is evaluated through a short report followed by an oral examination, in which students expose their research objectives, implementation, and results, and answer to the questions of the jury.
UE Polymers for flexible electronics
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR Chimie-Biologie
Semester
Automne
This course addresses the elaboration and characterization methods of main polymer materials (polymer electrolytes, electrode binder) for alternative energies: i.e. fuel cells, batteries, super-capacitor, flexible solar cells, etc.
The course will also provide a background on critical issues on the main conjugated and conducting polymers used as the active materials (polymers, semiconductors and organic conductors) for the electronics applications. The different methods of chemical, electrochemical synthesis and recent synthetic methodologies will be reviewed. The underlying scientific principles that guide the study of structure-property relationships and the supramolecularity effects on the modulation of electronic properties will be discussed. Applications of these polymers in their undoped (organic solar cell, antistatic layers…) and doped state (corrosion, actuators, electrochromic, sensors ...) will be described.
UE Nanocomposites
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
This course will provide background on critical issues in synthesis, fabrication, processing, and characterization of material nanocomposites. We will discuss the underlying scientific principles that guide the study of structure-property relationships and will touch on parallel fields of investigation with high relevance to nanocomposites. The course will also cover the incorporation of a variety of nanophases into polymeric matrixes to provide functional materials, the importance of controlling surface energy, methods for achieving dispersion and common techniques for characterizing nanocomposite materials. The influence of the chemical nature of the dispersed (organic or mineral) elements on the different morphologies observed will be described. This lectures will discuss new concepts and knowledge within the field of electrochemical energy storage applications of nanocomposites.
The scope of this class is also to provide basic knowledge about graphene and to show how graphene based materials are being developed for a wide range of applications, notably in the field of energy storage. The basic of graphene structure and properties will be addressed along with the different graphene preparation methodologies. A focus will be made of graphene characterization. Considering that surface functionalization is a key tool to modulate graphene properties, various grafting methods will be presented. An important part of the course will be dedicated to the description of examples of how and why graphene is of interest for Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors applications. To widen the student appreciation of graphene use versatility, other examples of applications will be discussed such as fuel-cells, PV-related applications and others.
UE Surface Functionalisation
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal
The applications of surface functionalization are multiple and cover large fields. The aim of this course is to focus on two challenging applications: the conception of biosensors and (photo)electrocatalysis. The course is structured into two modules differentiated by the types of application.
1. Surface functionalization for the fabrication of biosensors (12h)
- Functionalization and electrofunctionalization (AS)
- Applications to olfactory biosensors and biomimetic electronic noses (YHB)
- Application to the conception of cell chips and detection of bacteria (YR)
- Biomolecular assemblies and self-organization of biomolecules on surfaces (DG, PHE)
2. (Photo)electrocatalysis applications (12h)
- Introduction to (photo)electrocatalysis (VA)
- Molecular engineering of nanomaterials for (bio)electrocatalysis in energy-related sytems (AL)
- Surface functionalization for photo(electro)catalysis: from photovoltaics to solar water splitting and CO2 conversion (BR, DA)
- Micro/nanostructure in electrocatalysis (PC)
The sessions will be given by a series of experts in the field. The teachers will coordinates to focus especially on the most essential aspect of functionalization, such as grafting stability, mastering distance between graft and surface, ensuring optimal electronic transfer, passivation, ecofriendliness. Particularly for biosensors, the surface chemistry should allow to maintain the integrity of the grafted biomolecules or biological objects.
Part of the sessions will be devoted to critical analysis of some selected literature papers in detail and sorting out the functionalization strategies and its consequences.
UE Characterization of bio-molecular interactions at surfaces
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Introduce the main analytical techniques to characterize molecular and biomolecular interactions, nanomaterials, surfaces and interfaces will be presented by the lecturers.
- Electronic microscopies
- Near field microscopies (AFM,STM,SNOM,…)
- Note that a more detailed approach of these techniques is available as an elective course.
- Surface analysis (XPS, AES, SIMS, EXAFS…)
- X-ray diffraction
- Large facilities (neutrons, ESRF)
- Optical techniques (ellipsometry, spectroscopies, SPR, OWLS,..)
- Nanogravimetry
UE Nanomaterials and energy
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
This course is at the crossroad between two important scientific and technological domains: energy and nanomaterials. Indeed both domains are rich in innovations, challenges and opportunities. For instance, among other sustainable green energy technologies, solar energy has been and is still developed to offer an alternative to fossil fuel energy, with efforts devoted for instance to cost reduction, efficiency improvement and use of abundant materials. We will see how nanomaterials can help improving performance of devices related to energy, and thus in very different domains (solar energy, building, energy storage…). The course will first deal with the contexts linked with energies and nanomaterials. The synthesis, characterization and main properties of nanomaterials will be presented. Applications will deal with: solar energy and nanomaterials, other energy production and nanomaterials, energy storage and finally nanomaterials and energy in buildings.
Content
This course will be presented by different scientists aiming at presenting physical and chemical aspects of nanomaterials, as well as with complementary approaches such as fundamental, experimental and applied ones. In addition to basic concepts many illustrations and challenges still persisting will be briefly presented during the whole course.
Chapter 1 : Energies and nanomaterials: generalities
Chapter 2 : Nanomaterials & nanotechnologies : an introduction
Chapter 3 – Solar energy and nanomaterials
Chapter 4 – Other energy conversion technologies and nanomaterials
Chapitre 5 – Energy storage
Chapitre 6 – Nano-materials and energy in buildings
UE Micro-nano fabrication techniques
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
This course will be focused on the main nanofabrication and characterization techniques used in clean-rooms in research laboratory and semi-industrial environments for the fabrication of current and future semiconductor devices. It will combine regular lectures and a practical training on nanobiotechnology in clean room facilities.
Outline
This course will include a first part covering the main nanofabrication and characterization techniques used in clean-rooms and
a second part dedicated to a practical training.
- The first part will be taught as regular lectures. The principles of these techniques will be presented and illustrated through concrete examples obtained in the clean-rooms of the Minatech Campus in Grenoble. This course will provide you with the basics of technological steps, thin film deposition techniques, lithography processes, and advanced characterization used during the fabrication of single devices up to their large-scale integration.
- The practical training (second part) will consist in the construction of a micro-patterned device using state-of-the art microfabrication techniques. Fluorescently marked cells will be deposited on the constructed micropatterns and different cell.
UE Bio-molecular interactions : methods and applications
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
UE From nanofabrication in research laboratories to VLSI
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Part I Nanofabrication in research labs:
Yannick Le Tiec (CEA) Franck Bassani (CEA) Philippe Rodriguez (CEA)
This part will cover the main nanofabrication and characterization techniques used in clean-rooms in research laboratory and semi-industrial environments for the fabrication of current and future semiconductor devices. The principles of these techniques will be presented and illustrated through concrete examples obtained in the clean-rooms of the Minatech Campus in Grenoble. This course will provide you with the basics of technological steps, thin film deposition techniques, lithography processes, and advanced characterization used during the fabrication of single devices up to their large-scale integration.
Content :
- Substrates/Materials (Si / Ge / SiGe / SOI / sSOI / Si28 / III-V….)
- Surface preparation (Batch / Single Wafer – Baths / Sprays / Cryogenics /…)
- Thin film deposition of semiconductors, insulators and metals (PVD / CVD / ECD /…
- Lithography (Photo / E-beam / Imprint) and etching (Wet / Dry) processes
- Ion implantation
- Chemical Mechanical polishing
- Molecular bonding (Wafer to Wafer / Hybrid bonding / Die to wafer / ….)
- Characterisation techniques (SPM / SEM-EDX / XRF / Ellipsometry / XPS / XRF / PL / Raman / XRD / …)
Part II : VLSI nanofabrication processes :
Maud Vinet (Quobly)
This second part describes the devices that are currently used and developed to sustain Moore’s law: it spans the transistor technologies from bulk, to Finfet and FDSOI with their pros and cons and how they are manufactured, with a quick overview of the semiconductor industry players. It also describes the evolution of Moore’s law and how it has moved from transistor to memory centric after having hit the limits of scaling, we have switched from dimensions scaling only to the introduction of new computing paradigms such as in memory computing to sustain the performance improvement of integrated circuits. Finally, it screens all the devices that are developed in order to overcome scaled transistors limitations with a strong emphasis on silicium spin qubits seen as a major contender to enable quantum computing.
UE Advanced characterization for Nanostructures
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
This course will be dedicated to advanced characterization techniques of nanostructures. It will cover electron microscopy techniques (electron diffraction, loss spectroscopy, imaging), X ray spectroscopy and scattering techniques and Synchrotron radiation measurements.
Content
X-ray scattering (from single electron to periodic material, anomalous scattering)
Reciprocal space (reminder +
Surface sensitive X-ray scattering
X-ray absorption fine structure
Examples of application : strain and composition determination, in situ studies of growth
Introduction to the X-ray synchrotron radiation production (including the forth generation source like the ESRF Extremely Brilliant Source)
Coherent X-ray scattering and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy
The basis of electron microscopy
Electron diffraction and Electron loss Spectroscopy
Imaging and chemical sensitivity (Transmission Electron Microscopy and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy)
Case studies
UE Large Scale Facilities for Soft Matter
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: The aim of the lecture is to give an overview of the neutrons based and X-ray based techniques suitable for the study of soft matter at the nanoscale.
Content: The first part of the lecture will go into details of the dynamical structure factor S(Q,w), its relations with the properties of the materials, and how it can be extracted from short length scale radiation scattering.
The second part will focus on more specific techniques such as small angle scattering and reflectometry for structural investigations, inelastic and quasi-elastic scattering for the study of the dynamics, and the complementarity between the different radiations. Instrumental aspects of the last generation of instruments developed at large scale facilities will be presented.
The last part will describe the most advanced X-ray techniques based on absorption (ASAXS, EXAFS, GISAXS….) and coherent imaging (CXDI, pychography…).
UE Advanced semiconductor devices
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
The first part will give an overview of semiconductor devices trends and evolutions for calculations. Limits of traditional architectures as transistors and memories will be studied. Then we will described emerging solutions for calculations and memories including devices and architectures for advanced computing and artificial intelligence. The second part will address the physics of light emitting diodes.
Part I Semiconductor devices trends and evolutions for calculation
I.1 Moore's law limits and solutions
MOSFET nano-transistors basics
Static and dynamic power
New architectures (Finfet, Nanowires)
Dynamic power regulation
Variability at ultimate scaling
I.2 Memories
Volatile memories
DRAM
SRAM
Non-volatile memories : Flash memories
I.3 Emerging non-volatile memories
Resistive random access memories (OxRAM, CBRAM, PCRAM)
Crossbar and 3D architectures
Magnetic random access memories and spintronics
I.4 3D Technologies for heterogeneous integration
2D integration limitations
Parallel 3D
Sequential 3D
Applications to advanced calculations, smart imagers, photonics.
I.5 From CMOS to single electron devices
New phenomena at ultimate scaling
Low temperature electronics
Single electron transistor
Toward (single) spin electronics and quantum calculations
I.6 Emerging computing paradigms for AI
Some basics of neuromorphic computing
Convolutional neuronal networks
Spiking neurones using resistive memories
Fading the limits been memory and calculation.
Part II Light emitting diodes: Physics and devices
II.1 Fundamentals of radiative recombination in semiconductors.
II.2 Homojunction vs heterojunction Light emitting diodes.
II.3 Light emitting diode materials: growth and fabrication techniques.
II.4 Light emitting diode efficiency (injection, extraction).
II.5 Specificity of III-nitride Light emitting diodes (e.g. internal electric field, disorder).
UE Nano-pores and membranes technologies
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: From the sequencing and electronic analysis of single molecules, to waste water treatment, desalinisation, or osmotic energy harvesting, , nanopores and membranes technologies are a rapidly growing area of nanosciences with increasing applications in the fields of sustainable energy, environment, and nanobiotechnologies. The aim of the course is to provide the theoretical concepts governing the transport of fluids, ions and molecules in nanochannels and confined spaces. It will highlight the new properties and functionnalities which arise from the interplay of surface interactions in solutions, flow and transport.
Content:
1. A general overview of nanopores and membrane technologies.
2. The basics of surface transport in fluids
. Flow and diffusion at a nano-scale
. Ions and molecule surface interactions in fluids
3. Coupled transport at surfaces and in nano-channels.
Electro-osmosis, diffusio-osmosis and beyond
Weak out-of-equilibrium limit and Onsager relations
From nano properties to macroscopic efficiency
Example of application: energy harvesting/conversion
4. Non-linear and rectification effects.
Nano-fluidic diodes, osmotic diode, and transistor.
5. Nano-pores for single molecules transport and detection
6. Membranes for fuel cells.
UE Elaboration of nanostructures / physics of 2D materials
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Part I: Epitaxy of semiconductor nanostructures
The goal of part is to introduce the crystal growth techniques of nanostructures, illustrated by examples taken in field of semiconductor nanostructures. After an introduction of the basics of the epitaxy, the elastic strain will be discussed in the case of planar heteroepitaxy leading to elastic or plastic deformations. Thus, the different ways to growth nanostructure from quantum wells to quantum dots will be presented. Additionally, last advances on nanostructures growth will be presented by introducing the selective area growth (SAG) and the Van Der Waals epitaxy (VDWE).
Chap. 1: Epitaxy basics and growth techniques.
Homoepitaxy, Vicinal surfaces, Physisorption/chemisorptions
Frank-Van der Merwe growth
Ehrlich Schwöbel barrier and surface morphology
Growth techniques: Molecular beam epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition
Chap. 2: Heteroepitaxy: from elastic strain to plastic relaxation.
Pseudomorphic/metamorphic growths
Elastic biaxial strain model
Plastic relaxation by misfit dislocation formation: importance of the critical thickness
Elastic relaxation: Stranski-Krastanow growth mode
Evolution of growth modes: Competition between surface energy and elastic energy
Chap. 3: Growth of semiconductor nanostructures
Epitaxial growth of quantum wells (2D) to quantum dots (0D)
Epitaxial of quantum nanowires (1D): catalyst and catalyst-free growths
Selective area growth (SAG)
Van der Waals epitaxy (VDWE) of 2D semiconductor material – Remote epitaxy
Hybrid growths
Part II: Electronic properties of graphene and 2D materials: transport and optical properties:
II.1 Conventional 2D electron gases (2DEG) in semiconductor heterostructures
II.2 Electronic properties of graphene heterostructures
II.2.1 Introduction
II.2.2 Material and tight binding band structure
II.2.3 Hall bar devices and basic transport properties
II.2.4 Quantum transport: integer quantum Hall effect
II.2.5 Optical properties
II.3 Review of other 2D materials: twisted graphene bilayers, transition metal dichalcogenides, topological insulators.
UE International School in Soft Nanoscience (ESONN)
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
From 2004, ESONN is a two-week course aimed at providing training for graduate students, postdoctoral and junior scientists from universities and laboratories, all around the world, in the field of Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies. https://www.esonn.fr
UE Current trends in nanosciences
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
This series of lectures might be offered by invited professors.
Accordingly its contents changes and it is not systematically opened.
1 UE (6ETCS) OU 2 UE (2 UE de 3 ECTS) in an other program of the Nanosciences speciality or in another speciality
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
UE Master Thesis
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
30 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
The Master's thesis project is a personal research work curried out during the second year of the master, to which the entire spring semester is devoted. For this purpose students perform an internship of minimum 5 months in a research team. As a graduate student, you will be responsible for a specific project in nanosciences under the guidance of a thesis supervisor. You will have the opportunity to collaborate with PhD students, post-docs, full-position researchers and professors.
The master thesis is evaluated by a thesis manuscript and a public defense. In this manuscript the student is expected to:
- Provide a clear definition of the scientific or technological problem addressed
- Demonstrate mastery of the scientific literature related to the problem
- Describe the chosen approach to solve the problem, and present the results obtained
- Perform a scientific discussion of these results in relation to the state of the art
The public defense is held in front of a jury, which evaluates the completion of the above expectations through the student presentation and answers to questions. The defense also prepares students to the concourses held by the Grenoble's doctoral schools for the attribution of UGA funded PhD's positions.
According to the french law, the research institute will pay you a "gratification" of 530€/month during your research internship, for a maximum duration of 6 months in a given school year.
UE Quantum Physics I
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: This course is a deepening of the quantum mechanics concepts introduced in the undergraduate courses. The fundamental principle of quantum mechanics are illustrated by applications to nanoscale condensed-matter systems taken from recent research works and by discussing prospects for quantum information technologies. The concepts presented in this course are prerequisites for many second-year courses related to nanophysics and quantum engineering. A good knowledge in quantum mechanics is indeed more and more essential for technological research and development of nanoscale quantum devices.
Content
- Chapter 1: Introduction and recalls on the quantum mechanics postulates and formalism (Dirac notation, Hilbert space). Two-level system, Zeeman effect, spin Hamiltonian. Tensorial product notation for states and operators. Many-body quantum states (bosons and fermions).
Exercices: Basics of quantum mechanics formalism. - Chapter 2: Recalls on confinement problem. Electron bound states in a potential.
Exercises: Example of 1D confinement problems, quantum harmonic oscillator. - Chapter 3: Introduction to atomic physics. Spherical symmetry, angular and spin kinetic momenta. Mean field approximation, central potential, many electrons atoms, Hund rules, spin-orbit coupling, optical transitions.
Exercises: Grotrian diagrams, spin-orbit coupling, fine and hyperfine structure. - Chapter 4: Approximation methods for eigenstate calculations, perturbation theory, variational method.
Exercises: Application to electronic systems. - Chapter 5: Time evolution. General equation for the time evolution, two-level systems, perturbation theory, Fermi golden rules.
Exercises: Application to Rabi oscillations.
Prerequisites: Basics of quantum mechanics.
Bibliography: Quantum mechanics, C. Cohen-Tannoudji, Vol. 1, ISBN-13: 978-0471164333, Vol. 2, ISBN-13: 978-0471569527.
UE Solid State Physics I
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: This solid-state physics class aims at providing the basics theories that allow to understand the properties of materials, and in particular their electronic and vibrational properties. Why are some solids metallic and other semiconducting ? How can we describe their electrical and thermal properties ? Applications to low-dimensional systems (including graphene and nanotubes) will serve as a bridge to nanosciences.
Content: Presentation of simple models and calculations of solids properties:
- Free electrons : classical Drude model.
- Quantum model: Sommerfeld model.
- Metals and insulators : nearly-free quantum model, tight-binding model, Bloch therorem.
- Vibrations in solids: acoustic and optical phonons, sound velocity.
Prerequisites: Electromagnetism, waves and vibrations, basic quantum mechanics.
Bibliography:
Introduction to solid state physics, 8th edition, Charles Kittel.
Solid state physics, Neil Ashcroft and David Mermin.
UE Optics
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Laser and nonlinear optics - 20h
The laser aspects will focus on the study of the gain medium and the resonator including the notions of oscillation threshold, Gaussian optics, stability, cavity modes and the different temporal regimes. Concerning nonlinear optics, it will deal with laser frequency synthesis and mixing like second harmonic generation, optical parametric amplification and optical parametric oscillation. Notions of crystal optics will be given in this framework.
Optical spectroscopy – 20h
This lecture concerns itself with the interaction between light and matter. In this part, we present a theoretical framework to discuss the absorption, emission, and luminescence properties of, principally, gas phase molecular systems. Experimental techniques will be discussed, including modern and state-of-the-art techniques used in the environmental (e.g., infrared trace gas detection) and life sciences (such as Raman non-linear spectroscopies).
Guided optics – 10h
The objective of this part of the course is to give an insight into guided wave optics. Starting from Maxwell's equations, guided waves in planar (1d) structures will be presented. The notions of effective index and modal distribution will be explained and practical tools to compute them will be given. An overview of guided modes in bidimensionnal structures will also be given. The effective index method will be used to obtain a first approximation of the modes supported by these structures.
UE Semiconductor physics
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Semiconductors are fundamental materials for modern technologies. During the last century, the invention of the semiconductor devices enabled the first quantum revolution with the development of the microelectronics industry. Nowadays, researchers are pushing the semiconductor nanostructures to the quantum limit with the objective to produce a second revolution based on quantum information processing. This lecture describes the main electronic properties of the semiconductor materials and explains the working principle of basic electronic devices such as diodes and transistors. The objective is to give the students the ability to analyze various semiconductor configurations involving doping, gating, illumination, voltage bias, and to calculate physical quantities such as carrier concentrations, electrostatic potentials, and electrical currents.
Content
- electronic structure : crystal, energy bands, holes, effective mass, density of states.
- free carrier population : thermal equilibrium, chemical doping, degenerate limit.
- weak non-equilibrium transport : diffusion, conduction, Hall effect.
- light-induced effects : generation, recombination, light emission.
- electrostatics : self-consistent equations, screening, depletion.
- pn junctions : space charge region, carrier injection, diffusion currents, photodiode.
- metal-semiconductor contacts : work function, Schottky barrier, ohmic contact.
- metal-oxide-semiconductor devices : capacitors, field-effect transistors.
Labwork
Microfabrication and electrical characterization of a semiconductor device in the cleanroom facility of the CIME-Nanotech.
UE Magnetism and nanosciences
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: Magnetism is widely present in our daily environment, especially through the use of magnetic materials (motors and actuators, magnetic recording, MRI etc.). It is also a very active field of fundamental research, particularly in Grenoble. Meso- and macroscopic aspects are presented in details and the complex magnetic structures that are the subject of current research are discussed.
Content: This course is based on the following plan.
I) Magnetism at atomic level, magnetic behaviours, magnetic ordering
II) Magnetostatics (electromagnetism, definitions, demagnetizing field, linear magnetism, units)
III) Experimental techniques
IV) Phenomenology, mesoscopic magnetism (anisotropy, magnetization reversal, domain walls)
V) Spin-dependent transport-Spintronics (Electronic transport in ferromagnets, Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR), Spin dependent tunneling, Magnetic tunnel junctions)
Tutorials: Magnetostatics; magnetic orders, magnetic moments ; magnetic anisotropy ; magnetization reversal ; domain walls ; spin dependent transport
Labwork: Students will follow 2 labworks among 4:
Vibrating sample magnetometer (inductive measurement of hysteresis loop for a ferromagnetic sample, anisotropy)
Susceptibility (measurement of temperature evolution of susceptibility, Curie-Weiss law),
SQUID (use of a SQUID magnetometer to measure magnetic fields)
Magnetotransport (extraordinary Hall effect and giant magnetoresistance measurements)
Prerequisites: Knowledge in electromagnetism and solid state physics
Bibliography:
Magnetism vol 1, dir E. de Lacheisserie, PUG (1999)
EDP Sciences Introduction to Solid State Physics,
C. Kittel Solid State Physics
N. Aschroft and N. Aschroft. Mermin Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, J.M.D. Coey
UE Research Intensive Track I
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
The Research Intensive Training is a trademark of the Master N2. It is specifically dedicated to intensify the formation through research, allowing students to the be continuously immersed in their laboratories in parallel to their courses, during the 2 years of the program.
For this purpose, students can choose up to 3 optional RIT modules of 3 credits each, one in each semester of the program, except for the last semester which is already fully devoted to the master thesis.
A RIT module consists in a part-time internship in a lab of the Grenoble area, representing 1 day each week during a semester. RIT modules are thought to be performed in the same research teams on the same research project, allowing students to achieve a substantial research contribution with possibly a publication during their master. However students can also change lab, project or research team, with the agreement of their program coordinator, in order to get a broader scientific experience. Students can then discover ongoing research in nanosciences not only in their specialization but also in sister disciplines. It also offers them an opportunity to initiate connections in view of finding their master thesis subject.
RIT modules are evaluated through a short report followed by an oral examination, in which students expose their research objectives, implementation, and results, and answer to the questions of the jury. RIT performed in the second semester of the first year can be evaluated together with the compulsory M1 research internship.
Admission to Research Intensive Training modules requires the agreement of the school-year coordinator. In M1, the training is fully appropriate to students having completed a 4-years bachelor of science, or engineering, however 3-year's bachelors who have excellent academic results can also be admitted to the RIT.
UE Statistical physics I: Theory
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: Introduce the basic statistical physics concepts to address the equilibrium and evolution properties of nano-scale systems.
UE Microscale mechanics and fluidics I : Mechanics
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: Mechanics plays a forefront role at the nanoscale, from the generation of nano-structures by growth instabilities to the properties of nano-composite materials, the design of micro and nano-mechanical devices, the nano-imaging techniques, the control of biologic functions. This course introduces the mechanics of continuous media and its main applications to nanosciences and nano-technologies.
Content:
- Simple deformations, definition of elastic modulii E, G, K, nu
- Flexion of beams, static, dynamics and waves. Example: the AFM cantilever.
- 3D linear elasticity of isotropic media: strain tensor ; elasticity as a field theory (expression of the free energy) ; stress tensor ; general equilibrium equation
- elastic instabilities in thin films
- elasticity of membranes, ADN coil.
UE Surfaces and interfaces
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: As the size of systems decreases, surface effects become more important. The nano- scale is also the scale at which surface effects dominate over bulk effects. This course introduces the main notions to adress the specific properties and the organization of matter at surfaces from a physical, chemical and biological point of view.
Content:
- notions on molecular and surface interactions. The hydrophobic effect
- thermodynamics of surfaces ; surface tension
- capillarity, wetting, contact angle
- surfactants, micelles, self-assemblies and lyotropic phases
- Gibbs monolayers, Langmuir-Blodgett films
- introduction to biologic membranes
UE Image and signal processing
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
This course gives a general overview of some of the most common techniques used in image and signal processing, with a special focus in Fluid Mechanics. It starts with a review of the basic concepts of both signals and image processing (systems, block diagrams, Fourier series, 1 and 2D Fourier Transforms, basic image manipulation, filters…). In a second stage, the course focalises in more complex statistical techniques like, for the case of signals, spectral analysis, correlation and structure functions. For the case of images, it covers the reconstruction of particle trajectories and the basics of PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) analysis.
UE Electrochemistry
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Objectives : Aquire some knowledges about electrochemisty methods as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) , Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to characterize electrochemical reactions in solution and immobilized on the surfaces of electrodes.
Examples taken from litterature illustrate the lectures for a better understanding to characterize, investigate electrochemical systems, to elucidate different electrochemical reactions.
Content :
- Lectures + tutorials :13.5 H
- Reminders (1H 30)
- Cyclic Voltammetry (6 H): -Experimental and theoretical basis of voltammetry
Characterization in solution of reversible redox systems, irreversible redox systems,
quasi-reversible redox systems, consecutive redox systems, coupled homogeneous
chemical reactions EC reaction, CE reaction, EC reaction (catalytic) , ECE reactions,′
Characterization of immobilized systems on electrode
- Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (6 H): -Measurement: principle, experimental conditions
Impedance of circuit elements in an electrochemical system, Impedance of electrochemical systems,
Modeling utilizing electric and dielectric parameters
- Lab works : 3 experimental work sessions (3 X 4 H) illustrate topics of lectures
1 or 2 UEs up to 6 ECTS in another program
Level
Baccalaureate +4
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
UE Occupational integration
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Ce cours se concentrera sur la formation aux étudiants à l’élaboration de curriculum vitae et lettre de motivation, à la préparation aux entretiens d’embauche dans le monde industriel. Une large partie de cet enseignement sera aussi consacrée à la gestion de projets et à la notion d’innovation.
UE French as a foreign language
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
UE Nanosciences I
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
- To address multidisciplinary approaches in nanosciences through a set of practical work.
- To train on high-tech platforms in nanosciences and in nanotechnology.
- To understand chemical methods of nanomaterials synthesis by a bottom-up approach.
- To learn the physical principles and practice of nanomaterials characterization techniques
UE Solid state physics II
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
Goal: This solid-state physics class is the follow up of Solid-State Physics I. It goes one step further in the description of solid properties, including light-matter interactions (polarons, polaritons), effects of magnetic field (Landau levels, Fermi surfaces) and new states of matter (introduction to superconductivity and magnetic order).
Content:
- Review of electronic band structures.
- Effects of interactions: plasmons, polarons and polaritons.
- Effects of magnetic field: Landau levels, probe of Fermi surfaces, quantum Hall effect.
- New states of matter : superconductivity, magnetic phases, spin Hamiltonians, magnons.
Bibliography:
Introduction to solid state physics, 8th edition, Charles Kittel
Solid state physics, Neil Ashcroft and David Mermin
UE Modelling and numerical simulations
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
Goal: Because numerical tools in nowadays science research has become unavoidable, this course aims in familiarizing with methodologies, Python language and algorithms, ranging from classical to quantum physics, when the use of the numerics is inevitable to get answers to a problem.
Content: Based on independent projects starting on day one and possibly related to the different topics encountered during their master, the students will have to do an A to Z study, developing their own model, implementing it in Python with an appropriate approach, benchmarking it by understanding pros and cons and eventually doing the physical analysis.
UE Physical measurements at nanoscale by local probes
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
Goal: Introduction to local probes techniques in the field of nanosciences and nanotechnologies.
Content
1. Introduction to Scanning Probes Microscopy (1h30)
- Comparison between surface analysis techniques: SEM/TEM, SFA
- Presentation of the SPM sub-families: STM / SFM / SNOM via examples of applications
2. The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (7h)
- The tunneling effect
- STM relevant parameters
- Expression of the tunneling current
- The STM instrument
- Tip fabrication methods
- Electronic and instrumental chain to measure and control tunnelling current in the pico/nano-ampere range ADC/DAC, I/V converter, lock-in amplifier
- Source of noises and detection limit
- Vibration isolation (tutorial on transfer function and damping)
- Measurement at low temperature : how to operate an STM in a cryostat>
- Operating STM modes and associated measurements
- Local density of states (LDOS) and I/V spectroscopy
- Constant current mode versus constant height mode
3. The Atomic Force Microscope (12h)
- Why mechanical oscillators
- Introduction and history
- Mechanical susceptibility
- Limits of sensitivity (readout noise and Brownian motion)
- Working at resonance, decrease the size/mass
- How to build an AFM
- Micro fabrication of cantilever and tips
- Nano positioning (piezo material and issues with them as hysteresis…)
- Precision position measurements (optical and capacitive)
- Signal analysis (Homodyne detection, PLL and PID)
- Operating AFMs
- Calibration process (cantilever stiffness, position detection)
- What physical values are accessible (van der Waals, electrical, magnetic, friction forces)
- Different modes of operation
- Maps analysis and image processing
- Surface analysis parameters: rms, ra, skewness, kurtosis, etc
- Artefacts, tip dilation effect
- Tilt correction via polynomial subtraction and color scale
- Tutorial on processing of the images and spectroscopy curves obtained in PW via Gwyddion software
UE Research Internship
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
The internship is a key step of the M1 since in many cases it is the first long stay in a Research lab to develop an original scientific topics. The internship lasts a minimum of 8 weeks between April to June, on a subject related to nanosciences or nanotechnologies.
The internship can be a performed in a research institute of the Grenoble area or abroad, or in a company.
Students conduct a research project under the guidance of their supervisor. The internship can be extended during the summer up a to length of 4 months.
At the end of June students have to produce a report of about 20 pages including the bibliography. The report introduces their subject, the state of the art, and their objectives. It describes the methods they have used, their realizations, and discusses the results obtained during the internship. The reports concludes by giving perspectives of the performed work.
The students have then an oral defense based on a presentation of 15mn followed by 10mn of questions.
GS_Quantum_UE_Quantum Labworks
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
The goal of this course is to offer a pool of advanced quantum labworks covering a broad field of topics: quantum materials, quantum engineering, quantum information and quantum technologies.
Students will attend from 5 to 7 labworks (depending on the number of students) among the ones listed below:
- Labwork 1: 2D Materials 1, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy on graphene, F. Marchi and N. Bendiab
- Labwork 2: 2D Materials 2, scanning tunneling microscopy on graphene bilayers, V. Renard
- Labwork 3: Hall effect, magnetoresistance of semiconductors, A. Kuhn
- Labwork 4: Superconductivity, evidence of the Meissner effect, A. Kuhn
- Labwork 5: Quantum optics 1, generation of entangled photon pairs using non-linear optics, P. Segonds
- Labwork 6: Quantum optics 2, entanglement and Bell inequalities, D. Ferrand
- Labwork 7: Quantum oscillations in topological materials, A. Pourret
- Labwork 8: Photon bunching in cathodoluminescence, G. Jacopin
The detailed planning will be established after the start of the academic year.
UE Nanosciences II
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
The Nanosciences course offers high level experimental training and labwork performed in the nano-facilities and technology centers of UGA: CIME-Nanotech, CUBE, Chemistry platform.
Nanosciences Labwork
This course addresses the pluridisciplinar aspect of nanosciences and in nanotechnologies. The goal is to train students at the interface between the different sciences: chemistry and physics (Part I), physics and biology (Part II), and show the importance of a collaborative approach to the production and the characterization of nanoscale objects. Courses are in support for understand the great principles of the bottom-up approach in nanochemistry, the physical principle of different methods of characterization in nanosciences (AFM, SEM, TEM) and the elementary principles in biophysics. The pedagogical team is composed of teachers working in the field of nanochemistry, nanophysics and biophysics. The different practical work taking place on various practical teachings platforms located in Grenoble allowing the use of characterizations equipment at the forefront of nanoscience research.
This course is devoted to the Morphological and the Mechanical studies of biological cells fixed on a micro-functionalized pattern, by Atomic Force and Fluorescence Microscopies techniques. It consists of 14h of lectures addressing biochemical and physical concepts at the nanoscale, and 12h of labwork taking place at the CUBE and CIME-Nanotech.
- To address multidisciplinary approaches in nanosciences through a set of practical work.
- To train on high-tech platforms in nanosciences and in nanotechnology.
- To understand chemical methods of nanomaterials synthesis by a bottom-up approach.
- To learn the biophysical principles of the interface between nanomaterials and animal cells.
UE Research Intensive Track II
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
The Research Intensive Training is a trademark of the Master N2. It is specifically dedicated to intensify the formation through research, allowing students to the be continuously immersed in their laboratories in parallel to their courses, during the 2 years of the program.
For this purpose, students can choose up to 3 optional RIT modules of 3 credits each, one in each semester of the program, except for the last semester which is already fully devoted to the master thesis.
A RIT module consists in a part-time internship in a lab of the Grenoble area, representing 1 day each week during a semester. RIT modules are thought to be performed in the same research teams on the same research project, allowing students to achieve a substantial research contribution with possibly a publication during their master. However students can also change lab, project or research team, with the agreement of their program coordinator, in order to get a broader scientific experience. Students can then discover ongoing research in nanosciences not only in their specialization but also in sister disciplines. It also offers them an opportunity to initiate connections in view of finding their master thesis subject.
RIT modules are evaluated through a short report followed by an oral examination, in which students expose their research objectives, implementation, and results, and answer to the questions of the jury. RIT performed in the second semester of the first year can be evaluated together with the compulsory M1 research internship.
Admission to Research Intensive Training modules requires the agreement of the school-year coordinator. In M1, the training is fully appropriate to students having completed a 4-years bachelor of science, or engineering, however 3-year's bachelors who have excellent academic results can also be admitted to the RIT.
GS_Quantum_UE_Many-body quantum mechanics
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
This course gives an introduction to the concepts of many-body quantum mechanics. It describes the quantum statistics of bosons and fermions, and the quantum properties of systems composed of many identical particles. The main theoretical ingredient for this purpose is the creation and annihilation operators of quantum particles, in what is sometimes called the "second quantization formalism".
Content
- Chapter 1: Quantum statistics and theoretical tools in quantum mechanics
Density operator
Bosons, Fermions, quantum statistics
Quantum states of identical particles - Chapter 2: Bosons and light-matter interactions
Electromagnetic field quantization, field creation and annihilation operators
Fock states, coherent states
Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian and vacuum Rabi oscillations
Bose-Einstein condensation and Gross-Pitaevski equation - Chapter 3: Fermionic systems
Introduction to fermionic creation and annihilation operators
Fermi sea: electrons and holes
Hartree-Fock approximation
Hubbard model
Cooper pairs, Bogoliubov transformation
UE Physics of 2D materials: from elaboration to properties
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
In the context of intensive research on post-CMOS electronics, a new families of nano-materials has opened new avenues in different fields, including optoelectronics and quantum information. These low-dimensional systems are a new playground to understand the interactions between elementary excitations, electron-phonon and phonon-phonon, which play a major role in the behavior of electron transport and heat at this nanoscale. For example, the reduction of dimensionality in the case of graphene has made the adiabatic approximation obsolete. Thus, the electron-phonon coupling is so strong that the optical phonons can be modulated by an external electric field but also as has been recently shown by an optical grid.
The important advances in the control of graphene electronic properties, open the way to new two-dimensional materials. Thus, monolayers of Dichalcogenides of Transition Metals such as MoS2 (MoSe2, WS2, WSe2, …etc.) have appeared very recently as promising nanostructures for applications in both the field of optics and electronics. We will discuss the growth of such materials including the fabrication of heterostructures based on graphene (semi-metal), boron nitride (insulator) and MoS2 (semiconductor) and their physical properties. Indeed marrying different 2D systems can take advantage of the properties of each part and more since the resulting hybrid is more than the sum of its parts.
This lecture will give an overview of the physical properties of graphene on the one hand, new 2D semiconductors like MoS2 on the other hand and will open on the heterostructures. We will discuss their growth, band structure, phonons, electron-phonon coupling, excitons in MoS2, the spin / valley polarization but also the prototype components (transistor, photodiode, LED ...) based on this new class of materials.
UE Molecular electronics and magnetism
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
This course is an introductory course on molecular electronics and magnetism accessible for both chemists and physicists. Accordingly, it will be given by a physicist and a chemist to browse the two aspects of the subject. It will present in an illustrated and accessible fashion the principles of quantum electron transport in molecular and nanoscale devices and offer an overview of this active field of Nanosciences. It will insist on the effect of inserting magnetically active molecules in such set-ups.
Contents :
- Physical/Chemical basis (distinct lecture for the two publics to bring them to a common language)
- Mesoscopic transport
- Magnetic anisotropy in Transion Metal and Lanthanide complexes
- One-electron transistor
- Transport through a quantum box
- Single Molecule Magnets (SMM)
- Grafting and probing SMM on surfaces
- Article analysis
UE Molecular Photophysics
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BASIC PHOTOPHYSICAL PROCESSES
2.1. Creating excited states by light absorption
2.2. Properties of excited states
2.2.1. Geometry
2.2.2. Acid-base properties
2.2.3. Redox properties
2.2.4. Dipolar moment
2.3. Deactivation of the excited electronic states
2.3.1. Non-radiative transitions
2.3.2. Radiative transitions
2.3.3. Parameters
2.3.4. Experimental measurement
3. QUENCHING OF EXCITED STATES
3.1. Kinetics of Stern-Volmer
3.2. Energy transfer reaction (electronic)
3.2.1. Radiative energy transfer
3.2.2. Non-radiative energy transfer by resonance
3.2.3. Non-radiative energy transfer by exchange
3.3. Electron transfer reactions
2.3.1. Energy aspect
3.3.2. Kinetic aspect
3.3.3. Application of electron transfer to conversion and storage of solar energy
3.4. Excimers and exciplexes
3.5. Time-resolved spectroscopy method
4. PHOTONICS OF SOLIDS AND NANOPARTICLES
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Exciton formation
4.3. Applications of photonics of solids
5. PHOTOCHEMICAL AND PHOTOCHROMIC REACTIONS
5.1. Photochemical reactions
5.1.1. The biradical reactions
5.1.2. Pericyclic reactions
5.2. Photochromic reactions
UE Ray-Matter Interaction
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
Goal: This course will give a general view on the topic of photon or wave interactions with matter at various energy scales and length scales.
Content
In the first part, we will focus on the problem of the propagation of an electromagnetic wave when the wavelength is large (UV, optical, etc.) compared to the interatomic distances. The problem of polarization of the medium in metals and in semiconductors (Drude, Lorentz, interband, etc.) will be discussed and surface plasmons which are longitudinal excitations at the SC-metal interface will be treated. Finally, we will discuss how we can localize light on length scales smaller than the wavelength (e.g. nanoparticles). This part will be completed by a section on the Kramers-Kronig relations that link reflectance to absorption. The second part of the course will focus on phenomena where the incident wavelength is much smaller, such that matter can be resolved to atomic scales. The problem of structure factors and their interpretation in terms of correlation functions (neutrons, X, etc.) will be discussed.
References
- Zangwill, Modern Electrodynamics, Cambridge University Press.
- D. Tanner, Optical Effects in Solids, Cambridge University Press.
- P. Chaikin and T. Lubensky, Principles of Condensed Matter Physics, Cambridge University Press.
UE Materials Science
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
This lecture aims to present the main classes of material and their physical properties via two complementary approaches. One is based on the bondings between atoms and how these bonds influence the elastic, thermal, and electrical conductivity properties of materials, whereas the second one is related to the Fermi surface analysis. Microscopical models of physical phenomena like permittivity, piezoelectricity, or ferromagnetism will be described and how the material properties change at the surface.
Contents
Chapter 0 : Introduction - Functional materials
Chapter 1: The various types of bonds and the classes of materials
Chapter 2: Relationship between bonds and simple properties of materials
(thermal, mechanical, electrical properties)
Chapter 3: Quantum models of materials (Sommerfeld and band theory)
Chapter 4: Dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and magnetic properties
and their measurements.
Chapter 5: Surface properties
UE Thin films
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
The study of thin-film materials is the basis of several research projects and sectors of activity. Indeed, the thin film state covers activities ranging from optics for the development of waveguides or anti-reflection layers, to microelectronics for the production of semiconductor layers or for the production of energy in fuel cell devices. This course will present an overview of the thin film states and its specificities trough 3 chapters:
• What could we call a thin film? What implies this specific state?
• Brief presentation of the physical techniques (PVD, PLD, evaporation…) and more specific description of the chemical routes (ALD, CVD and Sol-Gel chemistry)
• General tools of morphology characterization will be presented first. Special care will be given to the specific tools for structural determination (Grazing incidence XRD, texture measurments and Transmission Electron Microscopy).
1 UE of 3 ECTS in other program
Level
Baccalaureate +4
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
UE Microscale mechanics and fluidics I : Mechanics
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: Mechanics plays a forefront role at the nanoscale, from the generation of nano-structures by growth instabilities to the properties of nano-composite materials, the design of micro and nano-mechanical devices, the nano-imaging techniques, the control of biologic functions. This course introduces the mechanics of continuous media and its main applications to nanosciences and nano-technologies.
Content:
- Simple deformations, definition of elastic modulii E, G, K, nu
- Flexion of beams, static, dynamics and waves. Example: the AFM cantilever.
- 3D linear elasticity of isotropic media: strain tensor ; elasticity as a field theory (expression of the free energy) ; stress tensor ; general equilibrium equation
- elastic instabilities in thin films
- elasticity of membranes, ADN coil.
UE Microscale mechanics and fluidics II: Fluidics
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: Microfluidics studies the transport of liquids at the scale of some micrometer to the hundred of micrometer, such as the flow of red blood cells in a blood vessel, the transport of polymer chains in a porous medium, or the locomotion of micro-organisms. Nanofluidics studies the flow of liquids at the colloidal scale, that is at distance of the nanometer to the micrometer from a surface. This course introduces the concepts of low Reynolds number flows and surface-driven flows and describes the main properties of flows and transport at the sub-millimeter scale.
UE Statistical physics I: Theory
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: Introduce the basic statistical physics concepts to address the equilibrium and evolution properties of nano-scale systems.
UE Surfaces and interfaces
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: As the size of systems decreases, surface effects become more important. The nano- scale is also the scale at which surface effects dominate over bulk effects. This course introduces the main notions to adress the specific properties and the organization of matter at surfaces from a physical, chemical and biological point of view.
Content:
- notions on molecular and surface interactions. The hydrophobic effect
- thermodynamics of surfaces ; surface tension
- capillarity, wetting, contact angle
- surfactants, micelles, self-assemblies and lyotropic phases
- Gibbs monolayers, Langmuir-Blodgett films
- introduction to biologic membranes
UE Statistical physics II : Computational aspects and introduction to AI
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
GS_Soft-Nano_UE_Research Methodologies
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
This course is open and mandatory only for students taking part to the Thematic Program (PT) Soft Nano (Graduate School).
Students undertake a research project in soft nanosciences, starting by an appropriation phase. The goal of the course is to learn how to plan, set-up, and write, a research proposal.
Content
Students spend 1+1/2 day per week in their research team. In addition the group meets on a weekly basis, and works on the following topics:
- reading and synthetizing the scientific literature
- understanding the novelty of the approach to be developed
- defining the research objectives
- defining the new tools /techniques/ know-how needed for the project, starting to acquire them
- elaborating a tentative schedule for implementation of the 2-year research work, with milestones
Students take turns in presenting their progress to the promotion.
In addition to this continous activity, they are evaluated at the end of the term through:
- the submission of a research proposal (about 15 pages, including a state-of-the-art, novelty and objectives of approach, new instrumentation/ elaboration/ numerics/ methodology to be developed, expected outcomes, scheme and schedule of implementation)
- an oral public presentation and defense of their proposal, in presence of all the promotion and of a unique pluridisciplinary jury for all students.
UE Quantum Physics I
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: This course is a deepening of the quantum mechanics concepts introduced in the undergraduate courses. The fundamental principle of quantum mechanics are illustrated by applications to nanoscale condensed-matter systems taken from recent research works and by discussing prospects for quantum information technologies. The concepts presented in this course are prerequisites for many second-year courses related to nanophysics and quantum engineering. A good knowledge in quantum mechanics is indeed more and more essential for technological research and development of nanoscale quantum devices.
Content
- Chapter 1: Introduction and recalls on the quantum mechanics postulates and formalism (Dirac notation, Hilbert space). Two-level system, Zeeman effect, spin Hamiltonian. Tensorial product notation for states and operators. Many-body quantum states (bosons and fermions).
Exercices: Basics of quantum mechanics formalism. - Chapter 2: Recalls on confinement problem. Electron bound states in a potential.
Exercises: Example of 1D confinement problems, quantum harmonic oscillator. - Chapter 3: Introduction to atomic physics. Spherical symmetry, angular and spin kinetic momenta. Mean field approximation, central potential, many electrons atoms, Hund rules, spin-orbit coupling, optical transitions.
Exercises: Grotrian diagrams, spin-orbit coupling, fine and hyperfine structure. - Chapter 4: Approximation methods for eigenstate calculations, perturbation theory, variational method.
Exercises: Application to electronic systems. - Chapter 5: Time evolution. General equation for the time evolution, two-level systems, perturbation theory, Fermi golden rules.
Exercises: Application to Rabi oscillations.
Prerequisites: Basics of quantum mechanics.
Bibliography: Quantum mechanics, C. Cohen-Tannoudji, Vol. 1, ISBN-13: 978-0471164333, Vol. 2, ISBN-13: 978-0471569527.
UE Solid State Physics I
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: This solid-state physics class aims at providing the basics theories that allow to understand the properties of materials, and in particular their electronic and vibrational properties. Why are some solids metallic and other semiconducting ? How can we describe their electrical and thermal properties ? Applications to low-dimensional systems (including graphene and nanotubes) will serve as a bridge to nanosciences.
Content: Presentation of simple models and calculations of solids properties:
- Free electrons : classical Drude model.
- Quantum model: Sommerfeld model.
- Metals and insulators : nearly-free quantum model, tight-binding model, Bloch therorem.
- Vibrations in solids: acoustic and optical phonons, sound velocity.
Prerequisites: Electromagnetism, waves and vibrations, basic quantum mechanics.
Bibliography:
Introduction to solid state physics, 8th edition, Charles Kittel.
Solid state physics, Neil Ashcroft and David Mermin.
UE Optics
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Laser and nonlinear optics - 20h
The laser aspects will focus on the study of the gain medium and the resonator including the notions of oscillation threshold, Gaussian optics, stability, cavity modes and the different temporal regimes. Concerning nonlinear optics, it will deal with laser frequency synthesis and mixing like second harmonic generation, optical parametric amplification and optical parametric oscillation. Notions of crystal optics will be given in this framework.
Optical spectroscopy – 20h
This lecture concerns itself with the interaction between light and matter. In this part, we present a theoretical framework to discuss the absorption, emission, and luminescence properties of, principally, gas phase molecular systems. Experimental techniques will be discussed, including modern and state-of-the-art techniques used in the environmental (e.g., infrared trace gas detection) and life sciences (such as Raman non-linear spectroscopies).
Guided optics – 10h
The objective of this part of the course is to give an insight into guided wave optics. Starting from Maxwell's equations, guided waves in planar (1d) structures will be presented. The notions of effective index and modal distribution will be explained and practical tools to compute them will be given. An overview of guided modes in bidimensionnal structures will also be given. The effective index method will be used to obtain a first approximation of the modes supported by these structures.
UE Physics of biological systems
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Introduction to biology (components and structure of the cells, genetic information, metabolism, regulation of gene expression), stochastic processes and diffusion in biological systems (with applications in population mobility patterns or in molecular motor processes), introduction to evolution (historical perspectives, the modern synthesis, genetic drifts), genetic circuits (transcription regulation, genetic logic gates, oscillatory or bistable circuits, synthetic biology), optimality in biological systems (evolution of genetic circuits, cost-benefit issues, game theory in evolving biological systems).
After each chapter, the newly introduced concepts will be illustrated through the analysis and discussion of scientific articles, either by the teacher or by the students. Each student will be required to present at least one article to the group during the overall lectures.
UE Optic and magnetic spectroscopies
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
SpectrumThis course is organized in two parts, each made of nine sessions of 1.5 hours. In each part, five sessions are devoted to lectures, and four sessions are exercice classes devoted to problem-set solving.
The first part encompasses optical spectroscopies and focuses on the interaction of the electrical field component of light with matter. It deals with infrared and UV-visible spectroscopies, based on vibrational and electronic motions in the molecules. Some elements of group theory are presented to explain the occurence of the transitions and the aspect of the spectra related to the molecular structures.
The second part of the course focuses on the interaction of the magnetic field component of light with matter. This part aims at illustrating the principle of magnetic resonance spectroscopies, both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and their use for structure determination, for chemical kinetics and thermodynamics, as well as for molecular dynamics characterization in solution and in the solid state of organic and inorganic molecules and nanomaterials.
Assessments takes place as two written exams of 1 hour each for each part of the course.
UE Polymers 1
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR Chimie-Biologie
Semester
Automne
This course gives an overview of the polymer field from the synthesis of polymers to characterization, properties, and applications of synthetic and natural polymers. All major polymerization methods, their reaction mechanisms and kinetic aspects are considered: step growth polymerization, chain growth polymerization with ionic and radical variations, insertion polymerization. A lecture portion is integrated with a laboratory component, in which experiments are conducted that are directly connected to the class work. Analysis of polymer solution properties and caracterization techniques are presented : thermodynamics, polymer/solvent interactions, average molecular weight determination via osmometry, ligth scattering, viscosimetry and SEC.
UE Electrochemistry
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Objectives : Aquire some knowledges about electrochemisty methods as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) , Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to characterize electrochemical reactions in solution and immobilized on the surfaces of electrodes.
Examples taken from litterature illustrate the lectures for a better understanding to characterize, investigate electrochemical systems, to elucidate different electrochemical reactions.
Content :
- Lectures + tutorials :13.5 H
- Reminders (1H 30)
- Cyclic Voltammetry (6 H): -Experimental and theoretical basis of voltammetry
Characterization in solution of reversible redox systems, irreversible redox systems,
quasi-reversible redox systems, consecutive redox systems, coupled homogeneous
chemical reactions EC reaction, CE reaction, EC reaction (catalytic) , ECE reactions,′
Characterization of immobilized systems on electrode
- Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (6 H): -Measurement: principle, experimental conditions
Impedance of circuit elements in an electrochemical system, Impedance of electrochemical systems,
Modeling utilizing electric and dielectric parameters
- Lab works : 3 experimental work sessions (3 X 4 H) illustrate topics of lectures
UE Physics of granular media
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Tous les ans
An overview of discrete element simulations, force transmission in granular packings, another vision of soil mechanics, microscopic origins of some constitutive laws, role of the geometry, numerical homogenization, "Tools" for characterizing the microstructure, complex systems and strong coupling.
UE Image and signal processing
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
This course gives a general overview of some of the most common techniques used in image and signal processing, with a special focus in Fluid Mechanics. It starts with a review of the basic concepts of both signals and image processing (systems, block diagrams, Fourier series, 1 and 2D Fourier Transforms, basic image manipulation, filters…). In a second stage, the course focalises in more complex statistical techniques like, for the case of signals, spectral analysis, correlation and structure functions. For the case of images, it covers the reconstruction of particle trajectories and the basics of PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) analysis.
UE Molecular biology
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
UE Molecular biology TP
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
UE Research Intensive Track I
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
The Research Intensive Training is a trademark of the Master N2. It is specifically dedicated to intensify the formation through research, allowing students to the be continuously immersed in their laboratories in parallel to their courses, during the 2 years of the program.
For this purpose, students can choose up to 3 optional RIT modules of 3 credits each, one in each semester of the program, except for the last semester which is already fully devoted to the master thesis.
A RIT module consists in a part-time internship in a lab of the Grenoble area, representing 1 day each week during a semester. RIT modules are thought to be performed in the same research teams on the same research project, allowing students to achieve a substantial research contribution with possibly a publication during their master. However students can also change lab, project or research team, with the agreement of their program coordinator, in order to get a broader scientific experience. Students can then discover ongoing research in nanosciences not only in their specialization but also in sister disciplines. It also offers them an opportunity to initiate connections in view of finding their master thesis subject.
RIT modules are evaluated through a short report followed by an oral examination, in which students expose their research objectives, implementation, and results, and answer to the questions of the jury. RIT performed in the second semester of the first year can be evaluated together with the compulsory M1 research internship.
Admission to Research Intensive Training modules requires the agreement of the school-year coordinator. In M1, the training is fully appropriate to students having completed a 4-years bachelor of science, or engineering, however 3-year's bachelors who have excellent academic results can also be admitted to the RIT.
1 or 2 UEs up to 6 ECTS in another program
Level
Baccalaureate +4
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
UE Occupational integration
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Ce cours se concentrera sur la formation aux étudiants à l’élaboration de curriculum vitae et lettre de motivation, à la préparation aux entretiens d’embauche dans le monde industriel. Une large partie de cet enseignement sera aussi consacrée à la gestion de projets et à la notion d’innovation.
UE French as a foreign language
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
UE Research Internship
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
The internship is a key step of the M1 since in many cases it is the first long stay in a Research lab to develop an original scientific topics. The internship lasts a minimum of 8 weeks between April to June, on a subject related to nanosciences or nanotechnologies.
The internship can be a performed in a research institute of the Grenoble area or abroad, or in a company.
Students conduct a research project under the guidance of their supervisor. The internship can be extended during the summer up a to length of 4 months.
At the end of June students have to produce a report of about 20 pages including the bibliography. The report introduces their subject, the state of the art, and their objectives. It describes the methods they have used, their realizations, and discusses the results obtained during the internship. The reports concludes by giving perspectives of the performed work.
The students have then an oral defense based on a presentation of 15mn followed by 10mn of questions.
UE Nanosciences I
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
- To address multidisciplinary approaches in nanosciences through a set of practical work.
- To train on high-tech platforms in nanosciences and in nanotechnology.
- To understand chemical methods of nanomaterials synthesis by a bottom-up approach.
- To learn the physical principles and practice of nanomaterials characterization techniques
UE Nanosciences II
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
The Nanosciences course offers high level experimental training and labwork performed in the nano-facilities and technology centers of UGA: CIME-Nanotech, CUBE, Chemistry platform.
Nanosciences Labwork
This course addresses the pluridisciplinar aspect of nanosciences and in nanotechnologies. The goal is to train students at the interface between the different sciences: chemistry and physics (Part I), physics and biology (Part II), and show the importance of a collaborative approach to the production and the characterization of nanoscale objects. Courses are in support for understand the great principles of the bottom-up approach in nanochemistry, the physical principle of different methods of characterization in nanosciences (AFM, SEM, TEM) and the elementary principles in biophysics. The pedagogical team is composed of teachers working in the field of nanochemistry, nanophysics and biophysics. The different practical work taking place on various practical teachings platforms located in Grenoble allowing the use of characterizations equipment at the forefront of nanoscience research.
This course is devoted to the Morphological and the Mechanical studies of biological cells fixed on a micro-functionalized pattern, by Atomic Force and Fluorescence Microscopies techniques. It consists of 14h of lectures addressing biochemical and physical concepts at the nanoscale, and 12h of labwork taking place at the CUBE and CIME-Nanotech.
- To address multidisciplinary approaches in nanosciences through a set of practical work.
- To train on high-tech platforms in nanosciences and in nanotechnology.
- To understand chemical methods of nanomaterials synthesis by a bottom-up approach.
- To learn the biophysical principles of the interface between nanomaterials and animal cells.
UE Ray-Matter Interaction
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
Goal: This course will give a general view on the topic of photon or wave interactions with matter at various energy scales and length scales.
Content
In the first part, we will focus on the problem of the propagation of an electromagnetic wave when the wavelength is large (UV, optical, etc.) compared to the interatomic distances. The problem of polarization of the medium in metals and in semiconductors (Drude, Lorentz, interband, etc.) will be discussed and surface plasmons which are longitudinal excitations at the SC-metal interface will be treated. Finally, we will discuss how we can localize light on length scales smaller than the wavelength (e.g. nanoparticles). This part will be completed by a section on the Kramers-Kronig relations that link reflectance to absorption. The second part of the course will focus on phenomena where the incident wavelength is much smaller, such that matter can be resolved to atomic scales. The problem of structure factors and their interpretation in terms of correlation functions (neutrons, X, etc.) will be discussed.
References
- Zangwill, Modern Electrodynamics, Cambridge University Press.
- D. Tanner, Optical Effects in Solids, Cambridge University Press.
- P. Chaikin and T. Lubensky, Principles of Condensed Matter Physics, Cambridge University Press.
UE Soft Matter I
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
Goal: This course proposes an introduction to soft matter physics. The physics of soft matter is governed by weak interactions which are at the source of the generic characteristics of soft matter systems: nanoscale self-organisation at room temperature, importance of entropy and fluctuations, high susceptibility and response to stimulii, specific structures at surfaces and interfaces, slow dynamics. The course is organized in two parts. The first part describes the interactions at work in soft matter systems and their measurements. The second part develops on the particular system of polymer melts and solutions, the generic characteristics of soft matter systems and the physical tools needed to modelize them.
UE Soft Matter II : statistical physics aspects; polymers
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Goal: To introduce the basic thermodynamics concepts to address the equilibrium and evolution properties of nano-scale systems.
UE Physical measurements at nanoscale by local probes
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
Goal: Introduction to local probes techniques in the field of nanosciences and nanotechnologies.
Content
1. Introduction to Scanning Probes Microscopy (1h30)
- Comparison between surface analysis techniques: SEM/TEM, SFA
- Presentation of the SPM sub-families: STM / SFM / SNOM via examples of applications
2. The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (7h)
- The tunneling effect
- STM relevant parameters
- Expression of the tunneling current
- The STM instrument
- Tip fabrication methods
- Electronic and instrumental chain to measure and control tunnelling current in the pico/nano-ampere range ADC/DAC, I/V converter, lock-in amplifier
- Source of noises and detection limit
- Vibration isolation (tutorial on transfer function and damping)
- Measurement at low temperature : how to operate an STM in a cryostat>
- Operating STM modes and associated measurements
- Local density of states (LDOS) and I/V spectroscopy
- Constant current mode versus constant height mode
3. The Atomic Force Microscope (12h)
- Why mechanical oscillators
- Introduction and history
- Mechanical susceptibility
- Limits of sensitivity (readout noise and Brownian motion)
- Working at resonance, decrease the size/mass
- How to build an AFM
- Micro fabrication of cantilever and tips
- Nano positioning (piezo material and issues with them as hysteresis…)
- Precision position measurements (optical and capacitive)
- Signal analysis (Homodyne detection, PLL and PID)
- Operating AFMs
- Calibration process (cantilever stiffness, position detection)
- What physical values are accessible (van der Waals, electrical, magnetic, friction forces)
- Different modes of operation
- Maps analysis and image processing
- Surface analysis parameters: rms, ra, skewness, kurtosis, etc
- Artefacts, tip dilation effect
- Tilt correction via polynomial subtraction and color scale
- Tutorial on processing of the images and spectroscopy curves obtained in PW via Gwyddion software
UE Graduate School Soft Nano internship
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
Mandatory course for the students of the Soft Nano Thematic program (PT) of the Graduate School.
UE Research Intensive Track II
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
The Research Intensive Training is a trademark of the Master N2. It is specifically dedicated to intensify the formation through research, allowing students to the be continuously immersed in their laboratories in parallel to their courses, during the 2 years of the program.
For this purpose, students can choose up to 3 optional RIT modules of 3 credits each, one in each semester of the program, except for the last semester which is already fully devoted to the master thesis.
A RIT module consists in a part-time internship in a lab of the Grenoble area, representing 1 day each week during a semester. RIT modules are thought to be performed in the same research teams on the same research project, allowing students to achieve a substantial research contribution with possibly a publication during their master. However students can also change lab, project or research team, with the agreement of their program coordinator, in order to get a broader scientific experience. Students can then discover ongoing research in nanosciences not only in their specialization but also in sister disciplines. It also offers them an opportunity to initiate connections in view of finding their master thesis subject.
RIT modules are evaluated through a short report followed by an oral examination, in which students expose their research objectives, implementation, and results, and answer to the questions of the jury. RIT performed in the second semester of the first year can be evaluated together with the compulsory M1 research internship.
Admission to Research Intensive Training modules requires the agreement of the school-year coordinator. In M1, the training is fully appropriate to students having completed a 4-years bachelor of science, or engineering, however 3-year's bachelors who have excellent academic results can also be admitted to the RIT.
UE Modelling and numerical simulations
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
Goal: Because numerical tools in nowadays science research has become unavoidable, this course aims in familiarizing with methodologies, Python language and algorithms, ranging from classical to quantum physics, when the use of the numerics is inevitable to get answers to a problem.
Content: Based on independent projects starting on day one and possibly related to the different topics encountered during their master, the students will have to do an A to Z study, developing their own model, implementing it in Python with an appropriate approach, benchmarking it by understanding pros and cons and eventually doing the physical analysis.
UE Cell biology
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
UE Modelling in systems biology
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
UE Experimental Protocol Design (in biology)
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
UE Physiology & Bioenergetics
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
UE Polymers 2 chemistry and physico-chemistry
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
This course gives an overview of the polymer field from the synthesis of polymers to characterization, properties, and applications of synthetic and natural polymers. All major polymerization methods, their reaction mechanisms and kinetic aspects are considered: step growth polymerization, chain growth polymerization with ionic and radical variations, insertion polymerization. A lecture portion is integrated with a laboratory component, in which experiments are conducted that are directly connected to the class work. Analysis of polymer solution properties and caracterization techniques are presented : thermodynamics, polymer/solvent interactions, average molecular weight determination via osmometry, ligth scattering, viscosimetry and SEC.
This course is divided in two parts covering selected aspects of polymer chemistry and physical chemistry. The chemistry part aims to help students better understand contemporary polymer science focusing on syntheses and materials properties of polymers. It covers copolymer synthesis, discussing control of copolymer composition and relevant recent research such as controlled radical polymerization, supramolecular polymers and bio-based polymers. The course will also provide detailed information for polymerization techniques and polymer characterization tools.
UE Surface functionalization and applications I
Level
Baccalaureate +4
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
The applications of surface functionalization are multiple and cover large fields at the interface between chemistry and biology. The aim of this course is to focus on two challenging applications: surface functionalization for biosensors and for (electro)catalysis. The course is structured into two modules differentiated by the nature of the functionalized material which (mineral/inorganic or biological).
Contents:
I. Short introduction on biomolecules (DNA, proteins, enzymes, sugars…)
II. Functionalization of mineral and inorganic based-materials and related characterization techniques (fluorescence microscopy, AFM, SEM, ellipsometry…)
DNA, sugars and proteins
- Physisorption, chemisorption
- Self-assembly on conducting and semi-conducting surfaces (silanization, thiol self assembly)
- Electrofunctionnalization: conducting polymers, diazonium salts
- Auto-organization of biomolecules : origami, DNA wires, protein auto-assembly, protein organized around organizing structure (Metals…)
- Applications: biosensors, stimulating electrodes and anti-fouling surfaces
Catalysts
- Functionnalization
- Applications: (photo)electrocatalytic water splitting (reduction of protons, water oxidation), CO2 reduction
Enzymes
- Functionnalization
- Applications: hydrogenases, CO2 reductase …
III. Functionnalization of bio-based nanomaterials
DNA
- Functionnalization with catalysts
- Applications
Proteins
- Functionnalization (bioconjugation) with catalysts (artificial enzymes) and nanoparticles
- Applications
1 or 2 UEs up to 6 ECTS in another program
Level
Baccalaureate +4
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
UE Micro-nano fabrication techniques
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
This course will be focused on the main nanofabrication and characterization techniques used in clean-rooms in research laboratory and semi-industrial environments for the fabrication of current and future semiconductor devices. It will combine regular lectures and a practical training on nanobiotechnology in clean room facilities.
Outline
This course will include a first part covering the main nanofabrication and characterization techniques used in clean-rooms and
a second part dedicated to a practical training.
- The first part will be taught as regular lectures. The principles of these techniques will be presented and illustrated through concrete examples obtained in the clean-rooms of the Minatech Campus in Grenoble. This course will provide you with the basics of technological steps, thin film deposition techniques, lithography processes, and advanced characterization used during the fabrication of single devices up to their large-scale integration.
- The practical training (second part) will consist in the construction of a micro-patterned device using state-of-the art microfabrication techniques. Fluorescently marked cells will be deposited on the constructed micropatterns and different cell.
UE Lab training
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Module pratique permettant aux étudiants d’élaborer des matériaux et de les caractériser ensuite via différentes techniques. L’ensemble de ces travaux pratiques se déroule dans les instituts (CEA, institut Néel) afin de permettre aux étudiants d’utiliser des méthodes d’élaboration moderne issue de la recherche en nanosciences et l’utilisation d’appareils de caractérisation à la pointe de la recherche moderne actuelle.
UE Matériaux pour les nanostructures
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Ce cours se concentrera sur la description des matériaux à l’échelle micrométrique et nanométrique
Ce cours est divisé en trois parties :
La première concerne la description de la physique particulière présente à l’échelle nanométrique en raison du grand rapport surface/volume et des phénomènes de confinement quantique présent à cette échelle dans les matériaux. La deuxième concerne la mécanique des nanostructures, propriété essentielle à comprendre dans le cadre par exemple du développement de la microélectronique et enfin un descriptif complet des propriétés et applications des matériaux métalliques allant de la métallurgie à l’échelle nanométrique.
UE Physique et chimie de la micro-électronique
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Ce cours se concentrera sur la préparation et les propriétés physiques des différentes étapes de préparation des éléments structurées permettant le développement de la micro-électronique.
Ce cours présentera les différents aspects de la chimie dans la micro-électronique, les différentes étapes de préparation permettant la production de MEMS (microsystème électromécanique) ainsi que les techniques optiques de caractérisation des différentes étapes d’élaboration des matériaux utilisés dans la micro-électronique.
UE Méthodes d'élaboration
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Ce cours se concentrera sur les méthodes d’élaboration et les propriétés des différents matériaux nanostructurés permettant le développement des nanotechnologies (couches minces structurées, nanoparticules…) et de la micro-électronique (lithographie) mais aussi l’élaboration de batteries actuellement développées par l’industrie ou en développement (recherche académique et/ou en développement industriel).
UE Nano-characterization 1
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Ce cours se concentrera sur les méthodes spectroscopiques de caractérisations des nanomatériaux : Diffraction des rayons X, spectroscopie IR ET Raman, spectrométrie SIMS, méthode XPS.
Chaque méthode de caractérisation est développée de manière théorique durant quelques heures de CM avant que chaque utilisation concrète des techniques soit illustrée via des travaux pratiques effectués au sein des instituts de recherche des sites Grenoblois (CEA, Institut Néel) permettant aux étudiants de comprendre l’utilité de chaque technique pour la caractérisation d’échantillons réels issue de la recherche.
UE Nano-charactérization 2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Ce cours se concentrera sur les différentes méthodes de microscopie permettant la caractérisation des nano- ou micro-structures : microscopie électronique à Balayage (MEB), microscopie électronique en transmission (MET), microscopie à force atomique (AFM), microscopie à effet tunnel (STM), ou la spectroscopie/microscopie neutronique.
Chaque méthode de microscopie est développée de manière théorique durant quelques heures de CM avant que chaque utilisation concrète des techniques soit illustrée via des travaux pratiques effectués au sein des instituts de recherche des sites Grenoblois (CEA, Institut Néel) ou les plateformes technologiques (nanomonde…) permettant aux étudiants de comprendre l’utilité de chaque technique pour la caractérisation d’échantillons réels issue de la recherche.
UE Scientific softwares
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Ce cours se concentrera sur l’utilisation de la programmation informatique pour des applications scientifiques : utilisation de Labview, Matlab, Python et le développement de plan d’expériences permettant l’élaboration d’une méthodologie pensée et élaborée indispensable à la recherche scientifique.
UE Master Thesis
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
30 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
Alternance de 10 à 12 mois en entreprise dans les secteurs d’activités suivant :
Micro-électronique, équipementiers, micro et nanotechnologies, optique, métallurgie.
UE Professional integration
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
Ce cours se concentrera sur la formation aux étudiants à l’élaboration de curriculum vitae et lettre de motivation, à la préparation aux entretiens d’embauche dans le monde industriel. Une large partie de cet enseignement sera aussi consacrée à la gestion de projets et à la notion d’innovation.
UE English - master 2 - S10
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
UE Elaboration of nanostructures / physics of 2D materials
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Part I: Epitaxy of semiconductor nanostructures
The goal of part is to introduce the crystal growth techniques of nanostructures, illustrated by examples taken in field of semiconductor nanostructures. After an introduction of the basics of the epitaxy, the elastic strain will be discussed in the case of planar heteroepitaxy leading to elastic or plastic deformations. Thus, the different ways to growth nanostructure from quantum wells to quantum dots will be presented. Additionally, last advances on nanostructures growth will be presented by introducing the selective area growth (SAG) and the Van Der Waals epitaxy (VDWE).
Chap. 1: Epitaxy basics and growth techniques.
Homoepitaxy, Vicinal surfaces, Physisorption/chemisorptions
Frank-Van der Merwe growth
Ehrlich Schwöbel barrier and surface morphology
Growth techniques: Molecular beam epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition
Chap. 2: Heteroepitaxy: from elastic strain to plastic relaxation.
Pseudomorphic/metamorphic growths
Elastic biaxial strain model
Plastic relaxation by misfit dislocation formation: importance of the critical thickness
Elastic relaxation: Stranski-Krastanow growth mode
Evolution of growth modes: Competition between surface energy and elastic energy
Chap. 3: Growth of semiconductor nanostructures
Epitaxial growth of quantum wells (2D) to quantum dots (0D)
Epitaxial of quantum nanowires (1D): catalyst and catalyst-free growths
Selective area growth (SAG)
Van der Waals epitaxy (VDWE) of 2D semiconductor material – Remote epitaxy
Hybrid growths
Part II: Electronic properties of graphene and 2D materials: transport and optical properties:
II.1 Conventional 2D electron gases (2DEG) in semiconductor heterostructures
II.2 Electronic properties of graphene heterostructures
II.2.1 Introduction
II.2.2 Material and tight binding band structure
II.2.3 Hall bar devices and basic transport properties
II.2.4 Quantum transport: integer quantum Hall effect
II.2.5 Optical properties
II.3 Review of other 2D materials: twisted graphene bilayers, transition metal dichalcogenides, topological insulators.
UE From nanofabrication in research laboratories to VLSI
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Part I Nanofabrication in research labs:
Yannick Le Tiec (CEA) Franck Bassani (CEA) Philippe Rodriguez (CEA)
This part will cover the main nanofabrication and characterization techniques used in clean-rooms in research laboratory and semi-industrial environments for the fabrication of current and future semiconductor devices. The principles of these techniques will be presented and illustrated through concrete examples obtained in the clean-rooms of the Minatech Campus in Grenoble. This course will provide you with the basics of technological steps, thin film deposition techniques, lithography processes, and advanced characterization used during the fabrication of single devices up to their large-scale integration.
Content :
- Substrates/Materials (Si / Ge / SiGe / SOI / sSOI / Si28 / III-V….)
- Surface preparation (Batch / Single Wafer – Baths / Sprays / Cryogenics /…)
- Thin film deposition of semiconductors, insulators and metals (PVD / CVD / ECD /…
- Lithography (Photo / E-beam / Imprint) and etching (Wet / Dry) processes
- Ion implantation
- Chemical Mechanical polishing
- Molecular bonding (Wafer to Wafer / Hybrid bonding / Die to wafer / ….)
- Characterisation techniques (SPM / SEM-EDX / XRF / Ellipsometry / XPS / XRF / PL / Raman / XRD / …)
Part II : VLSI nanofabrication processes :
Maud Vinet (Quobly)
This second part describes the devices that are currently used and developed to sustain Moore’s law: it spans the transistor technologies from bulk, to Finfet and FDSOI with their pros and cons and how they are manufactured, with a quick overview of the semiconductor industry players. It also describes the evolution of Moore’s law and how it has moved from transistor to memory centric after having hit the limits of scaling, we have switched from dimensions scaling only to the introduction of new computing paradigms such as in memory computing to sustain the performance improvement of integrated circuits. Finally, it screens all the devices that are developed in order to overcome scaled transistors limitations with a strong emphasis on silicium spin qubits seen as a major contender to enable quantum computing.
UE Nanophotonics & plasmonics
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
This lecture aims at introducing the light-matter interaction in semiconductor microstructures and metallic nanostructures. These objects allow tailoring and localizing the field distribution and polarization even at a subwavelength scale and can be used to boost the light-matter interaction with quantum emitters (including absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission). Amazing effects such as enhancement or inhibition of spontaneous emission, nonlinear effects down to the single photon level have been demonstrated. This paves the way to new generation of optoelectronic devices like single photon sources, quantum optical gates, nanoscale optical modulators, ultrasensitive sensors, etc.
The lecture is divided into two main parts:
- Nanophotonics : Basics of quantum light-matter interaction, Dielectric optical microcavities, CQED with artificial atoms, CQED-based optoelectronic devices, Micro-cavity polaritons
- Plasmonics : Electrodynamics of metals, Surface plasmon polaritons, Nanostructure for coupling and guiding SPPs, Localized surface plasmons, Optical process exaltation by plasmons
UE Advanced semiconductor devices
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
The first part will give an overview of semiconductor devices trends and evolutions for calculations. Limits of traditional architectures as transistors and memories will be studied. Then we will described emerging solutions for calculations and memories including devices and architectures for advanced computing and artificial intelligence. The second part will address the physics of light emitting diodes.
Part I Semiconductor devices trends and evolutions for calculation
I.1 Moore's law limits and solutions
MOSFET nano-transistors basics
Static and dynamic power
New architectures (Finfet, Nanowires)
Dynamic power regulation
Variability at ultimate scaling
I.2 Memories
Volatile memories
DRAM
SRAM
Non-volatile memories : Flash memories
I.3 Emerging non-volatile memories
Resistive random access memories (OxRAM, CBRAM, PCRAM)
Crossbar and 3D architectures
Magnetic random access memories and spintronics
I.4 3D Technologies for heterogeneous integration
2D integration limitations
Parallel 3D
Sequential 3D
Applications to advanced calculations, smart imagers, photonics.
I.5 From CMOS to single electron devices
New phenomena at ultimate scaling
Low temperature electronics
Single electron transistor
Toward (single) spin electronics and quantum calculations
I.6 Emerging computing paradigms for AI
Some basics of neuromorphic computing
Convolutional neuronal networks
Spiking neurones using resistive memories
Fading the limits been memory and calculation.
Part II Light emitting diodes: Physics and devices
II.1 Fundamentals of radiative recombination in semiconductors.
II.2 Homojunction vs heterojunction Light emitting diodes.
II.3 Light emitting diode materials: growth and fabrication techniques.
II.4 Light emitting diode efficiency (injection, extraction).
II.5 Specificity of III-nitride Light emitting diodes (e.g. internal electric field, disorder).
UE Thematic and interdisciplinary projects
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
This UE Thematic and interdisciplinary projects is divided in 2 parts :
Part 1 : Quantum practicals on IBM-Q
Teachers : Julien Renard (CNRS) Matias Urdampilleta (CNRS)
Projects will be focused on the implementation of elementary quantum algorithms on superconducting quantum processors and simulators (IBM-Q). It relies on a “learning by doing” strategy. Developed skills: Python & quantum circuits.
Part 2 : Quantum seminars
A series of seminars (regular and extended ones) will complete the regular course offer during the fall semester.
For the academic year 2024-2025, the program (18 hours in total) is the following:
- 3 extended seminars (3 x 1.5 hours each)
- Mechanical systems in the quantum limit, Jérémie Viennot (CNRS)
- Spin Qubits with NV centers, Benjamin Pigeau (CNRS)
- Modeling and Simulation for Spin Quantum Dots and Qubits, Yann-Michel Niquet (CEA)
- 3 regular seminars (1.5 hour each)
- What is a PhD ? Olivier Isnard, Director of the Physics Doctoral School
- Quantum Start-ups presentations.
- Short presentations of PhDs students about their work.
UE Advanced characterization for Nanostructures
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
This course will be dedicated to advanced characterization techniques of nanostructures. It will cover electron microscopy techniques (electron diffraction, loss spectroscopy, imaging), X ray spectroscopy and scattering techniques and Synchrotron radiation measurements.
Content
X-ray scattering (from single electron to periodic material, anomalous scattering)
Reciprocal space (reminder +
Surface sensitive X-ray scattering
X-ray absorption fine structure
Examples of application : strain and composition determination, in situ studies of growth
Introduction to the X-ray synchrotron radiation production (including the forth generation source like the ESRF Extremely Brilliant Source)
Coherent X-ray scattering and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy
The basis of electron microscopy
Electron diffraction and Electron loss Spectroscopy
Imaging and chemical sensitivity (Transmission Electron Microscopy and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy)
Case studies
UE Nanomagnetism, spintronics
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Teachers : Hélène Béa (UGA) Vincent Baltz (CEA)
Objectives :
This lecture is an introduction to the field of nanomagnetism, also providing basic ideas in spin electronics. The continuous progress in patterning, instrumentation and simulation over the past decades has made possible the investigation of low-dimensional magnetic elements such as thin films and nanostructures. New properties arise in these due to the reduction of dimensionality and the ability to built artificial stackings. Beyond the development of fundamental knowledge, these bring new functionalities of interest for technology. Such is the case for Giant Magneto-Resistance, an effect combining together electronics and magnetism, as the resistance of a stacked device may strongly depend on the arrangement of magnetization in the sub-stacks. It was discovered in the mid 80's and led to the Nobel prize in Physics in 2007, and enters many applications such as magnetic sensors and encoders, data storage and processing, bio- and heath devices. Grenoble has played an active role in the development and magnetism from fundamentals to permanent magnets and currently spin electronics. Several large laboratories and research teams are devoted to these, with links to companies in Information/Communication technology or Health / Biology.
The lecture remains mostly at the phenomenological and materials level, and does not cover fundamental aspects of magnetism related to quantum mechanics and magnetism in compounds. The first chapter provides general notions about magnetism such as fields and moments, units and magnetostatics. The second chapter focuses on ground-state effects arising when the dimensions of a magnetic system are reduced, either as a thin film or nanostructure. These properties differ from those known at the macro scale, and thus must be taken into consideration when designing systems with nanometer dimensions. The third chapter pertains to magnetization processes, which means how a system reacts against a magnetic field. This aspect is crucial, as it determines how one is able to address a material or device. The fourth chapter considers high-speed magnetization processes, which happen to involve precessional processes. This aspect is crucial for current developments in spintronics for data storage and processing, where GHz operation may be required. Finally the fifth chapter will shortly present the basic phenomena arising coupling electronic transport and magnetism, both in terms of magnetoresistance (the arrangement of magnetization affects the resistance of a device) and magnetization actuation through spin-polarized transport (for example, programming a magnetic cell through a current flowing directly through the cell).
Program :
Chapter 1 : Reminders on magnetism
- Magnetic induction, Maxwell equations and their consequences
- Magnetic induction vs magnetic field
- Magnetic materials
- Units in magnetism
- Magnetic energies
- Bloch domain wall
- Magnetometry and magnetic imaging
Chapter 2 : Magnetism and magnetic domains in low dimensions
- Magnetic ordering in low dimensions
- Magnetic anisotropies in low dimensions
- Domains and domain walls in thin films
- Domains and domain walls in nanostructures
Chapter 3 : Magnetization reversal
- Macrospin, uniform magnetization
- Magnetization reversal in nanostructures
- Magnetization reversal in extended systems (thin films)
Chapter 4 : Precessional dynamics of magnetization
1. Ferromagnetic resonance and Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation
2. Precessionnal switching of macrospin by magnetic field
3. Precessionnal motion of domain walls by magnetic field
4. Extra-torques in the presence of current: impact on precession
Chapter 5 : Spintronics and beyond
- Brief overview of the field of spintronics and its applications
- First notions to describe electron and spin transport - CIP-GMR, AMR
- Spin accumulation - CPP-GMR
- Transfer of angular momentum - STT
- Berry curvature, parity and time symmetries - QHE, AHE
- Brief non-exhaustive introduction to current topics
- Exercices - AMR, ISHE
Bibliography :
Solid state physics textbook (Ashcroft/Mermin, Kittel,…)
Magnetism: Fundamentals (I), Tremolet de Lacheisserie (2004)
Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, J. M. D. Coey (2010)
Nanomagnetism and spintronics, T. Shinjo (2009)
Lecture notes of Olivier Fruchart
The basics of electron transport in spintronics, EDP Sciences, V. Baltz (2023)
UE Nanomaterials and energy
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
This course is at the crossroad between two important scientific and technological domains: energy and nanomaterials. Indeed both domains are rich in innovations, challenges and opportunities. For instance, among other sustainable green energy technologies, solar energy has been and is still developed to offer an alternative to fossil fuel energy, with efforts devoted for instance to cost reduction, efficiency improvement and use of abundant materials. We will see how nanomaterials can help improving performance of devices related to energy, and thus in very different domains (solar energy, building, energy storage…). The course will first deal with the contexts linked with energies and nanomaterials. The synthesis, characterization and main properties of nanomaterials will be presented. Applications will deal with: solar energy and nanomaterials, other energy production and nanomaterials, energy storage and finally nanomaterials and energy in buildings.
Content
This course will be presented by different scientists aiming at presenting physical and chemical aspects of nanomaterials, as well as with complementary approaches such as fundamental, experimental and applied ones. In addition to basic concepts many illustrations and challenges still persisting will be briefly presented during the whole course.
Chapter 1 : Energies and nanomaterials: generalities
Chapter 2 : Nanomaterials & nanotechnologies : an introduction
Chapter 3 – Solar energy and nanomaterials
Chapter 4 – Other energy conversion technologies and nanomaterials
Chapitre 5 – Energy storage
Chapitre 6 – Nano-materials and energy in buildings
GS_Quantum_UE_Quantum Optics
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Teachers : Julien Claudon (CEA) and Cyril Branciard (CNRS)
Objectives :
These lectures are aimed to provide building blocks to understand and model the elementary components of light (photons), light matter-interaction at the single photon level, and elements of quantum communication and information processing with single photons.
Program :
Chapter 1: Julien Claudon (16h)
1. Quantification of the free radiation field - Photons
2. Representation of quantum states in phase space
Tutorial: Coherent states
3. Interference in quantum optics, single-photon states and wave-particle duality
4. Light-matter interaction in free space, optical Bloch equations
5. Cavity quantum electrodynamics
Chapter 2: Cyril Branciard (8h)
Entanglement, Bell’s inequalities.
Quantum cryptography (BB84, Ekert protocol), quantum teleportation.
Quantum repeaters, entanglement distribution, quantum networks.
GS_Quantum_UE_ Condensed Matter
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Teacher : Hermann Sellier (UGA)
Ojectives :
The lecture "Quantum Condensed Matter" provides a theoretical understanding of important quantum effects in solid state systems, including the quantum transport properties of electrons in metals and semiconductors, the macroscopic quantum coherence of superconductivity, and the topological properties of specific band structures.
Program :
Chapter 1: Mesoscopic physics :
- scattering process (electrons, phonons, spin, temperature dependence)
- interference effects (Aharonov-Bohm oscillations, weak localization, spin-orbit interaction)
- ballistic transport (1D conductance, quantum point contacts, quantum Hall effect)
- scattering theory (Landauer-Büttiker formalism, symmetry relations, shot noise)
- quantum dots (level spectrum, Coulomb blockade, stability diagram)
Chapter 2: Superconductivity :
- attractive interaction and Cooper pairing
- BCS theory and excitation spectrum
- order parameter and coherence length
- critical field and vortices
- Cooper pair tunneling in Josephson junctions
Chapter 3: Topological phases :
- topological invariants, spinors, Berry phase
- 1D SSH model, Kitaev chain, Majorana modes
- 2D systems, Dirac fermions, graphene, Klein tunneling
- quantum Hall effect, Chern numbers, conductance quantization
Bibliography for the lessons and tutorials :
Introduction to mesoscopic physics - Yoseph Imry - 1997 (first edition) 2002 (second edition)
Electronic transport in mesoscopic systems - Supriyo Datta - 1995 (printed) 2013 (numeric)
Quantum transport, introduction to nanoscience - Yuli Nazarov - 2009 (printed) 2012 (numeric)
Electronic quantum transport in mesoscopic semiconductor structures - Thomas Ihn - 2004 (printed and numeric)
Introduction to superconductivity - Michael Tinkham - 1975 (first edition) 1996 (second edition) 2004 (reprint)
UE Introduction to Machine Learning and Deep Learning
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
Introduction to the statistical learning theory and prediction (regression/classification)
- Review of Models/Algorithms for supervised/unsupervised learning
- Illustration de ces algorithmes sur différents jeux de données on different dataset
(intelligence artificielle, Bioinformatics, vision, etc ...)
Content:
- General introduction to the statistical learning theory and prediction (regression/classification)
- Generative approaches: Gaussian discriminant analysis, naïve Bayes hypothesis
- Discriminative approaches: logistic regression
- Prototype approaches: support vector machines (SVM)
- Unsupervised classification (kmeans and mixture model)
- Dictionnary learning / Sparse reconstruction
- Source separation
This course is given at Phelma-INP.
UE Active matter
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
3 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Automne
The active material is made up of a large number of active living or artificial agents, each of which consumes energy to move and exert forces on other agents. The most important example is the plankton which represents the largest biomass on earth. Such systems are inherently out of thermodynamic equilibrium. The examples of active ingredient are very numerous and cover a wide range of length scales. At the nanoscale, important examples are biopolymers and microtubules in biology as well as synthetic janus nanoparticles and microparticles. On a larger scale, active systems are micro-organisms (plankton, bacteria), schools of fish, crowds of pedestrians and swarms of birds. Active matter is a relatively new material classification of soft matter: the most studied model, the Vicsek model, dates from 1995.
Active matter research includes hydrodynamics, kinetic theory and non-equilibrium statistical physics.
This course will present current research with illustrations at all the length scales mentioned above, emphasizing main relevant theoretical models. Within this course, a Python based programming for numerical and experimental study of active matter is proposed to the students at the LIPhy lab.
Content:
I. Microscopic phenomena:
- Self-propelled particles
- Biological and synthetic active particles
- Brownian motion
- Persistence Random walk.
- Interaction with environment (fluid/ particles/ walls)
- Dry active matter. Social interaction models: Vicsek model, Helbing model
II. Hydrodynamics
- Stokes equation
- Dipoles of forces and hydrodynamic interaction
- Pullers/pushers
- Interaction with a wall (Black green function)
- The squirmer model
- Singular solution of Stokes eq.
III. Macroscopic phenomena:
- Kinetic theory
- Rheology
- Bio-convection
IV. Python based programming for numerical and experimental study of active matter
V. Journal club: Each student studies a published paper and presents it to the class.
UE in another program
ECTS
6 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
UE Master Thesis
Level
Baccalaureate +5
ECTS
30 credits
Component
UFR PhITEM (physique, ingénierie, terre, environnement, mécanique)
Semester
Printemps
Alternance de 10 à 12 mois en entreprise dans les secteurs d’activités suivant :
Micro-électronique, équipementiers, micro et nanotechnologies, optique, métallurgie.